{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:56:52Z","timestamp":1791287812630,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5101305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5101305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5101305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5101305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T23:53:35Z","timestamp":1417305215000},"page":"144-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical characteristics and temperament influences on \u2018happy\u2019 euphoric and \u2018snappy\u2019 irritable bipolar hypo\/manic mood states"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon B.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Breakspear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip B.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00203-2","article-title":"Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders","volume":"59","author":"Akiskal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00320-8","article-title":"Bipolar II with and without cyclothymic temperament: \u201cdark\u201d and \u201csunny\u201d expressions of soft bipolarity","volume":"73","author":"Akiskal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(83)90004-6","article-title":"Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness: phenomenologic, familial and pharmacologic predictors","volume":"5","author":"Akiskal","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00142-6","article-title":"The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder","volume":"50","author":"Angst","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00322-1","article-title":"Toward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity: epidemiology and proposed criteria for bipolar-II, minor bipolar disorders and hypomania","volume":"73","author":"Angst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0187-x","article-title":"Decreasing the minimum length criterion for an episode of hypomania: evaluation using self-reported data from patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"261","author":"Bauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00333-6","article-title":"The dual factor structure of self-rated MDQ hypomania: energized-activity versus irritable-thought racing","volume":"73","author":"Benazzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2008.00160.x","article-title":"Early and accurate diagnosis of bipolar II disorder leads to successful outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Cullen-Drill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatric Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.426","article-title":"Phenomenology of mania: evidence for distinct depressed, dysphoric, and euphoric presentations","volume":"156","author":"Dilsaver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1Pt2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00556.x","article-title":"Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar disorder: a summary of the International Society for bipolar disorders diagnostic guidelines task force report","volume":"10","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n1013","article-title":"Diagnosing bipolar disorder and the effect of antidepressants: a naturalistic study","volume":"61","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib12","series-title":"Manic-depressive Illness","author":"Goodwin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00319-1","article-title":"Factor structure of hypomania: interrelationships with cyclothymia and the soft bipolar spectrum","volume":"73","author":"Hantouche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.261","article-title":"A prospective investigation of the natural history of the long-term weekly symptomatic status of bipolar II disorder","volume":"60","author":"Judd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib15","series-title":"Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1921"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.025","article-title":"The duration of undiagnosed bipolar disorder: effect on outcomes and treatment response","volume":"168","author":"McCraw","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.12.1633","article-title":"Clinical and research implications of the diagnosis of dysphoric or mixed mania or hypomania","volume":"149","author":"McElroy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01875.x","article-title":"The mood assessment program: a computerised diagnostic tool for deriving management plans for mood disorders","volume":"188","author":"Parker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007562","article-title":"Assessing personality traits associated with depression: the utility of a tiered model","volume":"36","author":"Parker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.05.014","article-title":"Distinguishing bipolar and unipolar disorders: an isomer model","volume":"96","author":"Parker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.12.016","article-title":"Further examination of the utility and comparative properties of the MSQ and MDQ bipolar screening measures","volume":"128","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.035","article-title":"Bipolar depression: Prototypically melancholic in its clinical features","volume":"147","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004339","article-title":"Measuring melancholia: the utility of a prototypic symptom approach","volume":"39","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00926.x","article-title":"Screening for depression in the medically ill: the suggested utility of a cognitive-based approach","volume":"35","author":"Parker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust. NZ J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.11.020","article-title":"Is the DSM-5 duration criterion valid for the definition of hypomania?","volume":"156","author":"Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib26","series-title":"Depression sub-typing: independence and interdependence, in modelling and managing the depressive disorders","author":"Parker","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000079418","article-title":"Relevance of anger and irritability in outpatients with major depressive disorder","volume":"37","author":"Pasquini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042_bib28","series-title":"Bipolar Disorder: Clinical and Neurobiological Foundations","author":"Yatham","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032714007526?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032714007526?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:14:31Z","timestamp":1759022071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032714007526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0165032714007526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical characteristics and temperament influences on \u2018happy\u2019 euphoric and \u2018snappy\u2019 irritable bipolar hypo\/manic mood states","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}