{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1790040478953,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","jad-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T20:46:22Z","timestamp":1429649182000},"page":"70-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Misdiagnosis, duration of untreated illness (DUI) and outcome in bipolar patients with psychotic symptoms: A naturalistic study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"A. Carlo","family":"Altamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Buoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Caldiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cumerlato Melter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Dobrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Cigliobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Zanelli Quarantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00187-0","article-title":"Duration of untreated psychosis as a predictor of outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a retrospective study","volume":"52","author":"Altamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2703","article-title":"Differential diagnoses and management strategies in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"4","author":"Altamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e3283384c74","article-title":"Age at onset and latency to treatment (duration of untreated illness) in patients with mood and anxiety disorders: a naturalistic study","volume":"25","author":"Altamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0085-2","article-title":"Duration of untreated illness and suicide in bipolar disorder: a naturalistic study","volume":"260","author":"Altamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib5","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Revision (DSM-5)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib6","first-page":"146","article-title":"The evolving epidemiology of bipolar disorder","volume":"1","author":"Angst","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.08.012","article-title":"The mood-instability hypothesis in the origin of mood-congruent versus mood-incongruent psychotic distinction in mania: validation in a French National Study of 1090 patients","volume":"96","author":"Azorin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.031","article-title":"Risks associated with gender differences in bipolar I disorder","volume":"151","author":"Azorin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib9","first-page":"36","article-title":"Bipolar affective disorder in adolescence: a 10-year study","volume":"21","author":"Bashir","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust. N.Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.510","article-title":"Admixture analysis of age at onset in bipolar I affective disorder","volume":"58","author":"Bellivier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1010","article-title":"Economic consequences of not recognizing bipolar disorder patients: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis","volume":"64","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.657","article-title":"Treatment of acute mania\u2013from clinical trials to recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Bourin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000112026","article-title":"Depression subtypes in bipolar I and II disorders","volume":"41","author":"Brugue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.024","article-title":"Is the combination of a mood stabilizer plus an antipsychotic more effective than mono-therapies in long-term treatment of bipolar disorder? A systematic review","volume":"152-154","author":"Buoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00024-5","article-title":"The significance of psychotic features in manic episodes: a report from the NIMH collaborative study","volume":"67","author":"Coryell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.6.723","article-title":"Comparison of the prophylactic action of flupenthixol with placebo in lithium treated manic\u2013depressive patients","volume":"148","author":"Esparon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0128-8","article-title":"Affective disorders: the role of the duration of untreated illness, suicidality and pharmacogenetics","volume":"260","author":"Falkai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.07.038","article-title":"Lower rate of depressive switch following antimanic treatment with second-generation antipsychotics versus haloperidol","volume":"144","author":"Goikolea","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00032-9","article-title":"First episode in bipolar disorder: misdiagnosis and psychotic symptoms","volume":"50","author":"Gonzalez-Pinto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib20","first-page":"5","article-title":"Bipolar spectrum disorder: improving its recognition and diagnosis","volume":"62","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(03)00089-0","article-title":"Psychosis in bipolar disorder: phenomenology and impact on morbidity and course of illness","volume":"44","author":"Keck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00191-5","article-title":"Subtypes of manic episodes according to ICD-10- prediction of time to remission and risk of relapse","volume":"81","author":"Kessing","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412437346","article-title":"The science and practice of lithium therapy","volume":"46","author":"Malhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. N.Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00002.x","article-title":"The effect of lithium in bipolar disorder: a review of recent research evidence","volume":"5","author":"Maj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00140.x","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of DSM-IV bipolar I and II disorders: baseline findings from the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS)","volume":"6","author":"Mantere","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.022","article-title":"The misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as a psychotic disorder: some of its causes and their influence on therapy","volume":"112","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.10.005","article-title":"The association between psychotic mania, psychotic depression and mixed affective episodes among 14,529 patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"147","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-013-3985-3","article-title":"Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in DSM-5: summary of the changes compared to DSM-IV","volume":"85","author":"Paulzen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00111-1","article-title":"Early and late onset bipolar disorders: two different forms of manic-depressive illness?","volume":"58","author":"Schurhoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199506000-00003","article-title":"A comparison of the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R and clinical diagnoses","volume":"183","author":"Steiner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.01.001","article-title":"The many form of bipolar disorder: a modern look at an old illness","volume":"79","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.12.1218","article-title":"A 12-week, double-blind comparison of olanzapine vs haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania","volume":"60","author":"Tohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2099","article-title":"The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence","volume":"160","author":"Tohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90088-2","article-title":"Differential features between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder","volume":"38","author":"Vieta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.12.019","article-title":"Prevalence of mixed mania using 3 definitions","volume":"125","author":"Vieta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m06878","article-title":"Continuation of quetiapine versus switching to placebo or lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (Trial 144: a randomized controlled study)","volume":"72","author":"Weisler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032715002396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032715002396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T04:27:23Z","timestamp":1537676843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032715002396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0165032715002396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Misdiagnosis, duration of untreated illness (DUI) and outcome in bipolar patients with psychotic symptoms: A naturalistic study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}