{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:57:12Z","timestamp":1782979032447,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sm 68\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sm 68\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GU 1108\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU 1108\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RE 1123\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 1123\/11-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T23:09:25Z","timestamp":1510096165000},"page":"688-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prefrontal glutamatergic emotion regulation is disturbed in cluster B and C personality disorders \u2013 A combined 1H\/31P-MR spectroscopic study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Smesny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Gro\u00dfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gussew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Langbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen R.","family":"Reichenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.01.008","article-title":"Social learning in the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"21","author":"Apps","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.07.002","article-title":"Social cognition in borderline personality disorder: evidence for dichotomous thinking but no evidence for less complex attributions","volume":"50","author":"Arntz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.48.4.f","article-title":"Neurochemical alterations associated with borderline personality disorder","volume":"48","author":"Atmaca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm029","article-title":"Amygdala - frontal connectivity during emotion regulation","volume":"2","author":"Banks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib5","series-title":"Testhandbuch. 2.","article-title":"Beck-Depression-Inventar: (BDI)","author":"Beck","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib6","series-title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - A Retrospective Self-report Manual","author":"Bernstein","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abus. Negl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01483-2","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"4","author":"Bush","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.01.003","article-title":"Neural perspectives on cognitive control development during childhood and adolescence","volume":"21","author":"Crone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4438","article-title":"Viewpoints: dialogues on the functional role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex","volume":"19","author":"Delgado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.053","article-title":"Brain structural anomalies in borderline and avoidant personality disorder patients and their associations with disorder-specific symptoms","volume":"200","author":"Denny","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017","article-title":"The Brief Symptom Inventory: an introductory report","volume":"13","author":"Derogatis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279","article-title":"Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour","volume":"118","author":"Devinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21179","article-title":"Involvement of glutamate in rest-stimulus interaction between perigenual and supragenual anterior cingulate cortex: a combined fMRI-MRS study","volume":"32","author":"Duncan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.07.016","article-title":"Associations of regional GABA and glutamate with intrinsic and extrinsic neural activity in humans-a review of multimodal imaging studies","volume":"47","author":"Duncan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60312","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060312","article-title":"Glutamate concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts resting-state cortical-subcortical functional connectivity in humans","volume":"8","author":"Duncan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.153","article-title":"Impulsivity and aggression in female BPD and ADHD patients: association with ACC glutamate and GABA concentrations","volume":"41","author":"Ende","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu186","article-title":"The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in integrating social impressions from faces and verbal descriptions","volume":"26","author":"Ferrari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib20","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders","author":"First","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-012-0305-z","article-title":"Absolute quantitation of brain metabolites with respect to heterogeneous tissue compositions in 1H-MR spectroscopic volumes","volume":"25","author":"Gussew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Mater. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21936","article-title":"Optimized glutamate detection at 3T","volume":"30","author":"Hancu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000026","article-title":"The social-cognitive bias of personality disorders","volume":"27","author":"Herpertz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200101)45:1<46::AID-MRM1008>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Quantitative 31P spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4T: assessment of gray and white matter differences of phosphocreatine and ATP","volume":"45","author":"Hetherington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.93","article-title":"Correlation of glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex with self-reported impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls","volume":"67","author":"Hoerst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.030","article-title":"Metabolic alterations in the amygdala in borderline personality disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"67","author":"Hoerst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.11.004","article-title":"Grey and white matter differences in brain energy metabolism in first episode schizophrenia: 31P-MRS chemical shift imaging at 4 T","volume":"146","author":"Jensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00940-9","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia: methodological issues and findings--part II","volume":"48","author":"Keshavan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070852","article-title":"The neural correlates of anomalous habituation to negative emotional pictures in borderline and avoidant personality disorder patients","volume":"171","author":"Koenigsberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib31","unstructured":"Kuhl, J., Kaz\u00e9n, M., 1997. Das Pers\u00f6nlichkeits-Stil-und-St\u00f6rungs-Inventar (PSSI): Manual. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib32","series-title":"International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE): DSM-IV and ICD-10 modules","author":"Loranger","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr069","article-title":"Glutamate in schizophrenia: a focused review and meta-analysis of (1)H-MRS studies","volume":"39","author":"Marsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410767112","article-title":"Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex","volume":"112","author":"Neubert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.108","article-title":"Cortical GABA neurons and self-focus in depression: a model linking cellular, biochemical and neural network findings","volume":"19","author":"Northoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2001","article-title":"GABA concentrations in the human anterior cingulate cortex predict negative BOLD responses in fMRI","volume":"10","author":"Northoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x","article-title":"Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: a synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion","volume":"1251","author":"Ochsner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/35077500","article-title":"Primate anterior cingulate cortex: where motor control, drive and cognition interface","volume":"2","author":"Paus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib39","first-page":"195","article-title":"Social cognition in borderline personality disorder","volume":"6","author":"Roepke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00075","article-title":"Social cognition in a clinical sample of personality disorder patients","volume":"6","author":"Ruiz-Tagle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970801958331","article-title":"Neurochemical alterations in women with borderline personality disorder and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"11","author":"Rusch","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00297-0","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometric MRI study in female patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"20","author":"Rusch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.08.011","article-title":"Neuroimaging in borderline personality disorder","volume":"40","author":"Schmahl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.027","article-title":"Neural correlates of disturbed emotion processing in borderline personality disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Schulze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.02.003","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in borderline personality disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"164","author":"Soloff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib46","first-page":"133","article-title":"Personality disorder and outcome in the treatment of late-life depression","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.4.511","article-title":"Subtle prefrontal neuropathology in a pilot magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"13","author":"van Elst","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.041","article-title":"Increased prefrontal and hippocampal glutamate concentration in schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"58","author":"van Elst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, G., Gussew, A., K\u00f6hler, S., de la Cruz, F., Smesny, S., Reichenbach, J., B\u00e4r, K.-.J., 2016. Resting state functional connectivity of the hippocampus along the anterior-posterior axis and its association with glutamatergic metabolism. Cortex,81,104\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.03.022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib50","unstructured":"Wittchen, H.U., Wunderlich, U., Zaudig, M., 1997Wunderlich. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV, Achse I: Psychische St\u00f6rungen. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.6.568.25355","article-title":"A screening measure for BPD: the McLean screening instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD)MSI-BPD)","volume":"17","author":"Zanarini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Personal. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.3.233.22147","article-title":"Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD): a continuous measure of DSM-IV borderline psychopathology","volume":"17","author":"Zanarini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Personal. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503271732133X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503271732133X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:27:49Z","timestamp":1759022869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016503271732133X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S016503271732133X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prefrontal glutamatergic emotion regulation is disturbed in cluster B and C personality disorders \u2013 A combined 1H\/31P-MR spectroscopic study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}