{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:15:13Z","timestamp":1792113313596,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201292\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201292\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T02:00:39Z","timestamp":1550455239000},"page":"327-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptom change during psychological therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Rob","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2281-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua E.J.","family":"Buckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasco","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Leibowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7361-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Pilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.04.006","article-title":"How durable is the effect of low intensity CBT for depression and anxiety? Remission and relapse in a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst085","article-title":"An introduction to latent variable mixture modeling (Part 2): longitudinal latent class growth analysis and growth mixture models","volume":"39","author":"Berlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465817000819","article-title":"The impact of alcohol use on drop-out and psychological treatment outcomes in improving access to psychological therapies services: an audit","volume":"46","author":"Buckman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attentional control as a predictor of response to psychological treatment for depression and relapse up to 1 year after treatment: a pilot cohort study","author":"Buckman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.07.005","article-title":"Risk factors for relapse and recurrence of depression in adults and how they operate: a four-phase systematic review and meta-synthesis","author":"Buckman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03062308","article-title":"Curves of expected recovery and their predictive validity for identifying treatment failure","volume":"33","author":"Bybee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tijdschr. voor Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084833","article-title":"Realizing the mass public benefit of evidence-based psychological therapies: the IAPT program","volume":"7","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2011.606803","article-title":"Implementing NICE guidelines for the psychological treatment of depression and anxiety disorders: the IAPT experience","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32133-5","article-title":"Transparency about the outcomes of mental health services (IAPT approach): an analysis of public data","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment selection in depression","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002542","article-title":"Does cognitive behaviour therapy have an enduring effect that is superior to keeping patients on continuation pharmacotherapy? A meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/15248371003699969","article-title":"Twelve frequently asked questions about growth curve modeling","volume":"11","author":"Curran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30162-7","article-title":"Feedback-informed treatment versus usual psychological treatment for depression and anxiety: a multisite, open-label, cluster randomised controlled trial","author":"Delgadillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000119","article-title":"Improvement of the working alliance in one treatment session predicts improvement of depressive symptoms by the next session","author":"Falkenstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0017","series-title":"Data Analysis With Mplus","author":"Geiser","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.11.004","article-title":"Is it worth assessing progress as early as week 2 to adapt antidepressive treatment strategy? Results from a study on agomelatine and a global meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Gorwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.132","article-title":"Trajectories of depression severity in clinical trials of duloxetine: insights into antidepressant and placebo responses","volume":"68","author":"Gueorguieva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0020","article-title":"Enhancing recovery rates in IAPT Services: lessons from analysis of the year one data","volume":"84","author":"Gyani","year":"2011","journal-title":"LSE Res. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300600702331","article-title":"Enhancing outcome for potential treatment failures: therapist client feedback and clinical support tools","volume":"17","author":"Harmon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0022","series-title":"Psychological Therapies: Annual Report on the use of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Services \u2013 England, 2012\/13","author":"HSCIC","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.5.1009","article-title":"Patterns of symptomatic recovery in psychotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Kopta","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030682","article-title":"Outcome in psychotherapy: the past and important advances","volume":"50","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/713663852","article-title":"The effects of providing therapists with feedback on patient progress during psychotherapy: are outcomes enhanced?","volume":"11","author":"Lambert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0027","series-title":"Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Evidence-Based Responsiveness","article-title":"Measuring client outcome","author":"Lambert","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.69.2.159","article-title":"Patient-focused research: using patient outcome data to enhance treatment effects","volume":"69","author":"Lambert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767","article-title":"Testing the number of components in a normal mixture","volume":"8","author":"Lo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035535","article-title":"Patterns of early change and their relationship to outcome and early treatment termination in patients with panic disorder","volume":"82","author":"Lutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.5.904","article-title":"Predicting change for individual psychotherapy clients based on their nearest neighbors","volume":"73","author":"Lutz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","article-title":"The work and social adjustment scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning","volume":"180","author":"Mundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.3365","article-title":"Heterogeneity in 10-year course trajectories of moderate to severe major depressive disorder","volume":"73","author":"Musliner","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0034","first-page":"291","article-title":"Second-generation Structural Equation Modelling With Combination of Categorical and Continuous Latent Variables: New Opportunities for Latent Class \/ Latent Growth Modelling","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/3.4.459","article-title":"General growth mixture modeling for randomized preventive interventions","volume":"3","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0036","series-title":"Mplus Version 7 user's Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0037","series-title":"Psychological therapies: annual report on the use of IAPT services in England (2016\u201317)","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.05.007","article-title":"The trajectories of adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms over the course of a transdiagnostic treatment","author":"Queen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1348\/014466509X405178","article-title":"Improving access to psychological therapies: phase IV prospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Richards","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i04","article-title":"Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE): implementation in Stata","author":"Royston","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000060","article-title":"Defining early positive response to psychotherapy: an empirical comparison between clinically significant change criteria and growth mixture modeling","volume":"27","author":"Rubel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12028","article-title":"Factorial invariance of the patient health questionnaire and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire","volume":"52","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0043","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit Measures","volume":"8","author":"Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Psychol. Res. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019247","article-title":"Enhancing treatment outcome of patients at risk of treatment failure: meta-analytic and mega-analytic review of a psychotherapy quality assurance system","volume":"78","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.10.011","article-title":"Prediction of 6-yr symptom course trajectories of anxiety disorders by diagnostic, clinical and psychological variables","volume":"44","author":"Spinhoven","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"StataCorp, 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. 2017. 10.2307\/2234838.","DOI":"10.2307\/2234838"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.6.864","article-title":"Shapes of early change in psychotherapy under routine outpatient conditions","volume":"75","author":"Stulz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07m03780","article-title":"Early improvement in the first 2 weeks as a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis including 6562 patients","volume":"70","author":"Szegedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.6.894","article-title":"Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression","volume":"67","author":"Tang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.08.008","article-title":"Defined symptom-change trajectories during acute-phase cognitive therapy for depression predict better longitudinal outcomes","volume":"87","author":"Vittengl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032879","article-title":"Nomothetic and idiographic symptom change trajectories in acute-phase cognitive therapy for recurrent depression","author":"Vittengl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2466\/02.07.17.PR0.110.2.639-644","article-title":"An investigation of self-assessment bias in mental health providers","volume":"110","author":"Walfish","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032718324443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032718324443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T13:44:09Z","timestamp":1565185449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032718324443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0165032718324443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptom change during psychological therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}