{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:19:13Z","timestamp":1790295553719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18dk0307077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18dk0307077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K10195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K10195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H04252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H04252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K19761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K19761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23390149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23390149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26460240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26460240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004330","name":"Smoking Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T20:55:04Z","timestamp":1558040104000},"page":"168-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Changes in tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum periods: Potential involvement in postpartum depressive symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Teshigawara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Mouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukako","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Shiino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mako","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Nabeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":", 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71526-3","article-title":"Increased IL-6 trans-signaling in depression: focus on the tryptophan catabolite pathway, melatonin and neuroprogression","volume":"65","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00261","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150197","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism, disposition and utilization in pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"Badawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"issue":", 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2004.00031.x","article-title":"Studying the immunosuppressive role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: tryptophan metabolites suppress rat allogeneic T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"18","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"issue":", 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.589333","article-title":"Niacin treatment of stroke increases synaptic plasticity and axon growth in rats","volume":"41","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":", 10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6997","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9617-0","article-title":"Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase\/Kynurenine pathway as a potential pharmacological target to treat depression associated with diabetes","volume":"53","author":"da Silva Dias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.05.020","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"112","author":"Erhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":", 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01098.x","article-title":"Antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms are differentially associated with early childhood weight and adiposity","volume":"24","author":"Ertel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":", 10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401073","article-title":"T cell apoptosis by tryptophan catabolism","volume":"9","author":"Fallarino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":", 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(84)90050-8","article-title":"Kynurenic acid blocks neurotoxicity and seizures induced in rats by the related brain metabolite quinolinic acid","volume":"48","author":"Foster","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":", 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0010","first-page":"392","article-title":"Changes in the urinary excretion of the metabolites of the tryptophan-niacin pathway during pregnancy in Japanese women and rats","volume":"50","author":"Ftukijwatari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.01.011","article-title":"L-Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway enzymes are therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric diseases: Focus on cell type differences","volume":"112","author":"Fujigaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":", 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.779-786.2002","article-title":"L-tryptophan-L-kynurenine pathway metabolism accelerated by Toxoplasma gondii infection is abolished in gamma interferon-gene-deficient mice: cross-regulation between inducible nitric oxide synthase and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"70","author":"Fujigaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.09.001","article-title":"Untreated depression during pregnancy: Short- and long-term effects in offspring. A systematic review","volume":"342","author":"Gentile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":", 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1074-3","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among post-partum mothers in Nepal","volume":"8","author":"Giri","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"issue":", 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-306","article-title":"B7 costimulation and intracellular indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in peripheral blood of healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women","volume":"14","author":"Grozdics","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1097","article-title":"Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions","volume":"62","author":"Hasin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":", 11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050220","article-title":"The postpartum depressive state in relation to perceived rearing: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.070","article-title":"Inflammatory stimuli reduce survival of serotonergic neurons and induce neuronal expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in rat dorsal raphe nucleus organotypic brain slices","volume":"184","author":"Hochstrasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.002","article-title":"Mode of delivery and postpartum depression: the role of patient preferences","volume":"212","author":"Houston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":", 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b","article-title":"Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Howren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.02.006","article-title":"The neuroprotector kynurenic acid increases neuronal cell survival through neprilysin induction","volume":"70","author":"Klein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":", 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.048","article-title":"The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid plays anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles during inflammation: role of hemeoxygenase-1","volume":"179","author":"Krause","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":", 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0023","article-title":"Sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics, antenatal morbidities, and perinatal depressive symptoms: a three-wave prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":", 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.08.018","article-title":"The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid suppresses T cell responses by inhibiting dendritic cell activation","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.08.003","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are elevated in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.01.007","article-title":"Regulatory role of tryptophan degradation pathway in HLA-G expression by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"43","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01853-2","article-title":"Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation","volume":"71","author":"Maes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0028","first-page":"968","article-title":"[Kynurenic acid concentration in blood and urine during normal pregnancy]","volume":"69","author":"Milart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0029","article-title":"Association between physical and depressive symptoms during the first 6 months postpartum","volume":"23","author":"Mori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1191","article-title":"Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism","volume":"281","author":"Munn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29920","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29920","article-title":"Depressive symptoms as a side effect of Interferon-alpha therapy induced by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1","volume":"6","author":"Murakami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.07.013","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway in major depression: evidence of impaired neuroprotection","volume":"98","author":"Myint","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0552-x","article-title":"Paternal postnatal depression in Japan: an investigation of correlated factors including relationship with a partner","volume":"15","author":"Nishimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08768-3","article-title":"Social support helps protect against perinatal bonding failure and depression among mothers: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Ohara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12171","article-title":"Effects of maternal depressive symptomatology during pregnancy and the postpartum period on infant-mother attachment","volume":"68","author":"Ohoka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.03.019","article-title":"Perinatal depression\u2013the fourth inflammatory morbidity of pregnancy?: Theory and literature review","volume":"38","author":"Osborne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.033","article-title":"Mitochondria, metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress and the kynurenine system, with focus on neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"257","author":"Sas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)02304-4","article-title":"Longitudinal study of tryptophan degradation during and after pregnancy","volume":"72","author":"Schrocksnadel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.050","article-title":"Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is implicated in antidepressants-responsive depressive-like behaviors and monoaminergic dysfunctions","volume":"317","author":"Tashiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020052","article-title":"Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells: mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites","volume":"196","author":"Terness","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-6-36","article-title":"Effect of quinolinic acid on human astrocytes morphology and functions: implications in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Ting","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/nm934","article-title":"Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"9","author":"Uyttenhove","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.004","article-title":"CRP, IL-6 and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"150","author":"Valkanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0984","article-title":"Association of microvascular dysfunction with late-life depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"van Agtmaal","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00108-1","article-title":"Postnatal depression in Japanese women. Detecting the early onset of postnatal depression by closely monitoring the postpartum mood","volume":"58","author":"Yamashita","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032719302393?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032719302393?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:25:03Z","timestamp":1759022703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032719302393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0165032719302393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum periods: Potential involvement in postpartum depressive symptoms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}