{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:49:16Z","timestamp":1791863356949,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000521","name":"Canadian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T20:37:35Z","timestamp":1590439055000},"page":"903-910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effectiveness of repeated intravenous ketamine on depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and functional disability in adults with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: Results from the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Roger S","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson B","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yena","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orly","family":"Lipsitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehala","family":"Subramaniapillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartej","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Nasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanna M W","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Senyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo B.","family":"Mansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Brietzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kratiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Arekapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Abrishami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond H.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witold","family":"Szpejda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Rosenblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0001","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of side effects associated with a single dose of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression","author":"Acevedo-Diaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients","volume":"47","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024465317902","article-title":"Measurement of dissociative states with the clinician-administered dissociative states scale (CADSS)","volume":"11","author":"Bremner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Traum. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2475","article-title":"The use of ketamine as an antidepressant: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Coyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.1189","article-title":"Efficacy of Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus Oral Antidepressant Treatment for Relapse Prevention in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: a Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"76","author":"Daly","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002612","article-title":"Clinical correlates and symptom patterns of anxious depression among patients with major depressive disorder in STAR*D","author":"Fava","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.06.043","article-title":"Low-dose ketamine for treatment resistant depression in an academic clinical practice setting","volume":"221","author":"Feifel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000316","article-title":"Concomitant benzodiazepine use attenuates ketamine response: implications for large scale study design and clinical development","volume":"35","author":"Frye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001793","article-title":"Treatment-resistant bipolar disorder","author":"Gitlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0010","article-title":"Effects of ketamine in patients with treatment-refractory generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders: exploratory double-blind psychoactive-controlled replication study","author":"Glue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17060647","article-title":"Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12277","article-title":"A single infusion of ketamine improves depression scores in patients with anxious bipolar depression","volume":"17","author":"Ionescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e719","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10056","article-title":"Rapid and sustained reductions in current suicidal ideation following repeated doses of intravenous ketamine","volume":"77","author":"Ionescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716659417","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: section 3. Pharmacological treatments","volume":"61","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1903305","article-title":"Esketamine for treatment-resistant depression \u2014 first FDA-approved antidepressant in a new class","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2016.1254802","article-title":"Administration of ketamine for unipolar and bipolar depression","author":"Kraus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0171-5","article-title":"Early switching strategies in antidepressant non-responders: current evidence and future research directions","volume":"28","author":"Kudlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000441","article-title":"A new perspective on the anti-suicide effects with ketamine treatment: a procognitive effect","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.012","article-title":"Repeated intravenous infusions of ketamine: neurocognition in patients with anxious and nonanxious treatment-resistant depression","volume":"259","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.066","article-title":"Are studies of psychotherapies for depression more or less generalizable than studies of antidepressants?","volume":"234","author":"Lorenzo-Luaces","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16cs10885","article-title":"Florida best practice psychotherapeutic medication guidelines for adults with major depressive disorder","volume":"78","author":"McIntyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.022","article-title":"Rapid and longer-term antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine infusions in treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"74","author":"Murrough","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22535","article-title":"Whither ketamine as an antidepressant: panacea or toxin?","author":"Newport","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2012.10.006","article-title":"Procurement of shared data instruments for Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)","volume":"46","author":"Obeid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0025","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prospective Service Use and Health Care Costs of Medicaid Beneficiaries with Treatment-Resistant Depression","volume":"24","author":"Olfson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070834","article-title":"Single, repeated, and maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0027","series-title":"Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Flexibly Dosed Intranasal Esketamine Plus Oral Antidepressant Versus Active Control in Treatment-Resistant Depression, in","author":"Popova","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report","volume":"163","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01866-8","article-title":"The 16-Item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR16): a psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression","volume":"54","author":"Rush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22875","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous ketamine treatment in anxious versus nonanxious unipolar treatment-resistant depression","volume":"36","author":"Salloum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0080","article-title":"American Psychiatric Association (APA) Council of Research Task Force on Novel Biomarkers and Treatments, 2017. A Consensus Statement on the Use of Ketamine in the Treatment of Mood Disorders","volume":"74","author":"Sanacora","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30272-9","article-title":"Side-effects associated with ketamine use in depression: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010037","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-frequency study of intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"173","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 13","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0035","first-page":"23","article-title":"When at first you don't succeed: sequential strategies for antidepressant nonresponders","volume":"58","author":"Thase","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000330890","article-title":"Efficacy versus effectiveness: a direct comparison of the outcome of treatment for mild to moderate depression in randomized controlled trials and daily practice","volume":"81","author":"van der Lem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.023","article-title":"Acute psychoactive effects of intravenous ketamine during treatment of mood disorders: analysis of the Clinician Administered Dissociative State Scale","volume":"227","author":"van Schalkwyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05650blu","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment outcome in anxious versus nonanxious depression: results from the German Algorithm Project","volume":"71","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17040472","article-title":"The effect of a single dose of intravenous ketamine on suicidal ideation: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18020138","article-title":"Attenuation of antidepressant effects of ketamine by opioid receptor antagonism","volume":"175","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0078","article-title":"Use of ketamine in clinical practice: a time for optimism and caution","volume":"74","author":"Zorumski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032720301853?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032720301853?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:54:02Z","timestamp":1759024442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032720301853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0165032720301853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effectiveness of repeated intravenous ketamine on depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and functional disability in adults with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: Results from the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.088","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}