{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:53:40Z","timestamp":1779353620210,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T11:21:54Z","timestamp":1591096914000},"page":"806-812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Treatment-Resistant depression enhances risks of dementia and alzheimer's disease: A nationwide longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Yee-Lam E.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Mei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Fen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung-Ping","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Han","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzeng-Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Ta","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1481","article-title":"Midlife vs late-life depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: differential effects for Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia","volume":"69","author":"Barnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015746","article-title":"Signs and symptoms preceding the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic scoping review of literature from 1937 to 2016","volume":"7","author":"Bature","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.05.009","article-title":"Depression and dementia: cause, consequence or coincidence?","volume":"79","author":"Bennett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015713","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor or prodromal feature for dementia? Findings in a population-based sample of Swedish twins","volume":"24","author":"Brommelhoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.06.005","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia subtypes: a 30-year retrospective survey of neuropathological reports","volume":"49","author":"Brunnstrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(14)70005-8","article-title":"Optimizing the management of depression: primary care experience","volume":"220","author":"Cameron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.022","article-title":"Depression and Alzheimer's disease: neurobiological links and common pharmacological targets","volume":"626","author":"Caraci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.02.007","article-title":"Neurobiological links between depression and AD: the role of TGF-beta1 signaling as a new pharmacological target","volume":"130","author":"Caraci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.07.075","article-title":"Validity of in-hospital mortality data among patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke in National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan","volume":"201","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140076","article-title":"Validation of acute myocardial infarction cases in the national health insurance research database in taiwan","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008853","article-title":"Dementia risk estimates associated with measures of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Cherbuin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14070878","article-title":"Modifiable predictors of dementia in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.101931","article-title":"Affective disorders and risk of developing dementia: systematic review","volume":"202","author":"da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020093011","article-title":"Depressed mood and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly living in the community","volume":"53","author":"Devanand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.118307","article-title":"Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies","volume":"202","author":"Diniz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.12.008","article-title":"Plasma amyloid beta, depression, and dementia in community-dwelling elderly","volume":"47","author":"Direk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142940","article-title":"Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Cognitively Normal Older Adults","volume":"46","author":"Donovan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32834bb9d4","article-title":"Depression in dementia: epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Enache","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-8-39","article-title":"Risk factors for dementia in the epidemiological study of Munguialde County (Basque Country-Spain)","volume":"8","author":"Fernandez Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000351","article-title":"A practical approach to detection and treatment of depression in Parkinson disease and dementia","volume":"7","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.04.002","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia subtypes in United States Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2011-2013","volume":"13","author":"Goodman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03233.x","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and incidence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in elderly women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study","volume":"59","author":"Goveas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1930","article-title":"APOE genotype, family history of dementia, and Alzheimer disease risk: a 6-year follow-up study","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328356c368","article-title":"Depression and the risk for dementia","volume":"25","author":"Kessing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.86","article-title":"Temporal relationship between depression and dementia: findings from a large community-based 15-year follow-up study","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12572","article-title":"Dementia in older people: an update","volume":"44","author":"LoGiudice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00097-3","article-title":"10-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: a population-based study","volume":"3","author":"Mirza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.12.016","article-title":"Heterogeneity of elderly depression: increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and Abeta protein metabolism","volume":"43","author":"Namekawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu143","article-title":"Systematic review of recent dementia practice guidelines","volume":"44","author":"Ngo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116680924","article-title":"Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: a revised (third) consensus statement from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume":"31","author":"O'Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181b0fa13","article-title":"Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia: possible continuum?","volume":"18","author":"Panza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.161","article-title":"Increased hippocampal plaques and tangles in patients with Alzheimer disease with a lifetime history of major depression","volume":"63","author":"Rapp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.07.004","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical course of depression: a review","volume":"31","author":"Richards","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.08.004","article-title":"Stress induced neural reorganization: a conceptual framework linking depression and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"85","author":"Ross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.11.011","article-title":"Microglial dysfunction connects depression and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"55","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.678478","article-title":"Depression, hippocampal volume changes, and cognitive decline in a clinical sample of older depressed outpatients and non-depressed controls","volume":"16","author":"Sawyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500303","article-title":"The sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D) trial: a review","volume":"55","author":"Sinyor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.04.005","article-title":"The putative neurodegenerative links between depression and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"91","author":"Wuwongse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032720312660?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032720312660?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:49:44Z","timestamp":1759024184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032720312660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0165032720312660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment-Resistant depression enhances risks of dementia and alzheimer's disease: A nationwide longitudinal study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.150","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}