{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:37:59Z","timestamp":1791243479875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T02:06:41Z","timestamp":1605492401000},"page":"749-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum posttraumatic stress in a population-based maternity survey in England"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4186-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SE","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MA","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Alderdice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0001","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01476.x","article-title":"Risk factors for developing post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: A systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Andersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002706","article-title":"The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework","volume":"46","author":"Ayers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0004","first-page":"111","article-title":"Do women get posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of childbirth?","volume":"28","author":"Ayers","year":"2001","journal-title":"A prospective study of incidence. Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00409","article-title":"Development of a Measure of Postpartum PTSD: The City Birth Trauma Scale","volume":"9","author":"Ayers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820601142957","article-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy for postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder: case studies","volume":"28","author":"Ayers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/1354850031000087537","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a review of the emerging literature and directions for research and practice","volume":"8","author":"Bailham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0008","series-title":"The costs of perinatal mental health problems","author":"Bauer","year":"2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0009","first-page":"1032","article-title":"The effect of draft DSM-5 criteria on posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence","volume":"29","author":"Calhoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry, Depression & Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.06.049","article-title":"Factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) 4\u20136 weeks and 6 months after birth: A longitudinal population-based study","volume":"221","author":"Dikmen-Yildiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2010.533770","article-title":"Support during birth interacts with prior trauma and birth intervention to predict postnatal post-traumatic stress symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00591","article-title":"Effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Psychological Therapies for Treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Women Following Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Furuta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.013","article-title":"Participation rates in epidemiologic studies","volume":"17","author":"Galea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2017.04.136","article-title":"Effect of Previous Posttraumatic Stress in the Perinatal Period","volume":"46","author":"Geller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.05.003","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Grekin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0016","series-title":"You and Your Baby: A national survey of health and care","author":"Harrison","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0017","unstructured":"Harrison, S., Alderdice, F., Quigley, M.A., in press. External validity of prevalence estimates from the National Maternity Surveys in England: the impact of response rate. Plos One. in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.10.006","article-title":"Development and psychometric properties of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R)","volume":"30","author":"Hollins-Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"9956","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61276-9","article-title":"Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period","volume":"384","author":"Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848","article-title":"National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria","volume":"26","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0021","series-title":"Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.22.4.259","article-title":"Childbirth and posttraumatic stress responses: A validation study of the Dutch Impact of Event Scale\u2013Revised","volume":"22","author":"Olde","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.05.010","article-title":"Disempowered midwives and traumatised women: Exploring the parallel processes of care provider interaction that contribute to women developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) post childbirth","volume":"76","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1185\/135525703125002360","article-title":"The Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD): Corrigendum","volume":"9","author":"Prins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Primary Care Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3703-5","article-title":"The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and Evaluation Within a Veteran Primary Care Sample","volume":"31","author":"Prins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2017.02.005","article-title":"Scoping Review of the Mental Health of Parents of Infants in the NICU","volume":"46","author":"Roque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7877","article-title":"Does This Patient Have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review","volume":"315","author":"Spoont","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1114","article-title":"Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey","volume":"154","author":"Stein","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2073-2","article-title":"Screening for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Prenatal Care: Prevalence and Characteristics in a Low-Income Population","volume":"20","author":"Wenz-Gross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0030","series-title":"Facts and Figures from the World Health Report 2005","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.009","article-title":"The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"208","author":"Yildiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032720330354?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032720330354?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:56:26Z","timestamp":1759024586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032720330354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0165032720330354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum posttraumatic stress in a population-based maternity survey in England","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.102","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}