{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:40:06Z","timestamp":1776213606544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007465","name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T21:18:09Z","timestamp":1620076689000},"page":"202-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Socio-demographic, behavioural and psycho-social factors associated with depression in two Russian cities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Saburova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Bobrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Avdeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Malyutina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Kudryavtsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-1-4","article-title":"Relation between depression and sociodemographic factors","volume":"1","author":"Akhtar-Danesh","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1568887","article-title":"The role of sources of social support on depression and quality of life for university students","volume":"24","author":"Alsubaie","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescence and Youth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.051","article-title":"Prevalence of major depressive disorder and association with personal and socio-economic factors. Results for Spain of the European Health Interview Survey 2014\u20132015","volume":"239","author":"Arias-de la Torre","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0918-x","article-title":"Social and lifestyle determinants of depression, anxiety, sleeping disorders and self-evaluated quality of life in Russia\u2013a population-based study in Arkhangelsk","volume":"40","author":"Averina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104384","article-title":"Drinking pattern, abstention and problem drinking as risk factors for depressive symptoms: evidence from three urban Eastern European populations","volume":"9","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.4.359","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in urban population samples in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic","volume":"188","author":"Bobak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03351.x","article-title":"Alcohol and depression","volume":"106","author":"Boden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065912","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and depression: tests of causal linkages using a longitudinal birth cohort","volume":"196","author":"Boden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.048","article-title":"PHQ-9: One factor or two?","volume":"271","author":"Boothroyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117727745","article-title":"A Cross-Cultural Study in Germany, Russia, and China: Are Resilient and Social Supported Students Protected Against Depression, Anxiety, and Stress?","volume":"121","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002105X","article-title":"The List of Threatening Experiences: a subset of 12 life event categories with considerable long-term contextual threat","volume":"15","author":"Brugha","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01360.x","article-title":"The List of Threatening Experiences: the reliability and validity of a brief life events questionnaire","volume":"82","author":"Brugha","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.12.012","article-title":"The factor structure of the PHQ-9 in palliative care","volume":"75","author":"Chilcot","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, S., Malyutina, S., Kudryavtsev, A., Averina, M., Bobrova, N., Boytsov, S., Brage, S., Clark, T., Diez Benavente, E., Eggen, A., Hopstock, L., Hughes, A., Johansen, H., Kholmatova, K., Kichigina, A., Kontsevaya, A., Kornev, M., Leong, D., Magnus, P., Mathiesen, E., McKee, M., Morgan, K., Nilssen, O., Plakhov, I., Quint, J., Rapala, A., Ryabikov, A., Saburova, L., Schirmer, H., Shapkina, M., Shiekh, S., Shkolnikov, V., Stylidis, M., Voevoda, M., Westgate, K., Leon, D., 2018. Know Your Heart: Rationale, design and conduct of a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular structure, function and risk factors in 4500 men and women aged 35-69 years from two Russian cities, 2015-18 [version 3; peer review: 3 approved]. Wellcome Open Research 3.","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14619.1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13034","article-title":"The changing relation between alcohol and life expectancy in Russia in 1965\u20132017","author":"Danilova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-205088","article-title":"Associations of financial strain and income with depressive and anxiety disorders","volume":"69","author":"Dijkstra-Kersten","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.077","article-title":"The association between socioeconomic status and depression among older adults in Finland, Poland and Spain: A comparative cross-sectional study of distinct measures and pathways","volume":"241","author":"Dom\u00e8nech-Abella","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0144-1","article-title":"Social capital - a mixed blessing for women? A cross-sectional study of different forms of social relations and self-rated depression in Moscow","volume":"4","author":"Ferlander","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw140","article-title":"The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Fluharty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2006.00804.x","article-title":"Psychiatry in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe: An overview of the current situation","volume":"114","author":"F\u00fcredi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.169094","article-title":"Social support and protection from depression: systematic review of current findings in Western countries","volume":"209","author":"Gari\u00e9py","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31485-5","article-title":"The burden of disease in Russia from 1980 to 2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61085-X","article-title":"Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys","volume":"380","author":"Giovino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet North Am. Ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193356","article-title":"Factor structure and measurement invariance across various demographic groups and over time for the PHQ-9 in primary care patients in Spain","volume":"13","author":"Gonzalez-Blanch","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01160-4","article-title":"Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey","volume":"39","author":"Grant","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.020","article-title":"Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of PHQ-9 for specialist mental health care patients with persistent major depressive disorder: Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling","volume":"219","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0027","article-title":"The Current Status of Psychiatric Services in Russia: Moving towards Community based psychiatry","volume":"6","author":"Gurovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of disability and community rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146515611731","article-title":"Economic Security, Social Cohesion, and Depression Disparities in Post-transition Societies: A Comparison of Older Adults in China and Russia","volume":"56","author":"Hsieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039156","article-title":"Mental health reform in the Russian Federation: an integrated approach to achieve social inclusion and recovery","volume":"85","author":"Jenkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199811000-00001","article-title":"Stressful Life Events and Major Depression: Risk Period, Long-Term Contextual Threat, and Diagnostic Specificity","volume":"186","author":"Kendler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820130038007","article-title":"Smoking and Major Depression: A Causal Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Kendler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.191","article-title":"The effects of stressful life events on depression","volume":"48","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076564","article-title":"Psychological Processes Mediate the Impact of Familial Risk, Social Circumstances and Life Events on Mental Health","volume":"8","author":"Kinderman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316649493","article-title":"The association of depressive symptoms with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Central and Eastern Europe: Prospective results of the HAPIEE study","volume":"23","author":"Kozela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60941-6","article-title":"Hazardous alcohol drinking and premature mortality in Russia: a population based case-control study","volume":"369","author":"Leon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0037","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Role of stress areas, stress severity, and stressful life events on the onset of depressive disorder: a case-control study","volume":"92","author":"Lueboonthavatchai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.10.1121","article-title":"The CAGE questionnaire: validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument","volume":"131","author":"Mayfield","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-302","article-title":"Mental health symptoms in relation to socio-economic conditions and lifestyle factors \u2013 a population-based study in Sweden","volume":"9","author":"Molarius","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928707084453","article-title":"Family policy, employment and gender-role attitudes: a comparative analysis of Russia and Sweden","volume":"18","author":"Motiejunaite","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of European Social Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02052.x","article-title":"Effects of progression to cigarette smoking on depressed mood in adolescents: evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health","volume":"103","author":"Munaf\u00f2","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0042","series-title":"Mplus User's Guide","author":"Muth\u00e8n","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.04.026","article-title":"Socio-economic status over the life-course and depressive symptoms in men and women in Eastern Europe","volume":"105","author":"Nicholson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0044","series-title":"Are all jobs good for your health? The impact of work status and working conditions on mental health.","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09983.x","article-title":"Prevalence of mood disorders in the rural population of Udmurtia","volume":"97","author":"Pakriev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008389","article-title":"Prevalence of ICD-10 harmful use of alcohol and alcohol dependence among the rural population in Udmurtia","volume":"33","author":"Pakriev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfizer, 2002 -2019. www.phqscreeners.com.","DOI":"10.1145\/504689.504690"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.486","article-title":"Gender differences in depression: Critical review","volume":"177","author":"Piccinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00350-2","article-title":"Psychosocial factors at work and depression in three countries of Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"58","author":"Pikhart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12294","article-title":"The impact of hazardous drinking on suicide among working-age Russian males: an individual-level analysis","volume":"108","author":"Pridemore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0271-1","article-title":"Integrating mental health into primary care in Arkhangelsk County, Russia: the Pomor model in psychiatry","volume":"13","author":"Rezvy","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of mental health systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.53.2.243","article-title":"Factor Structure of the PHQ-9 Screen for Depression Across Time Since Injury Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"53","author":"Richards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0053","first-page":"944","article-title":"What's the role of perceived social support and coping styles in depression and anxiety?","volume":"19","author":"Roohafza","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.013","article-title":"Sex differences in the effect of education on depression: Resource multiplication or resource substitution?","volume":"63","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01150-W","article-title":"DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence and psychiatric comorbidity in Ontario: results from the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey","volume":"39","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112454","article-title":"Congruent relations between perceived neighbourhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older European adults: An East-West analysis","volume":"237","author":"Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.17116\/terarkh2014861253-60","article-title":"[The prevalence of anxiety and depression in different regions of the Russian Federation and its association with sociodemographic factors (according to the data of the ESSE-RF study)]","volume":"86","author":"Shal\u2019nova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ter. Arkh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30036-2","article-title":"Patterns in the relationship between life expectancy and gross domestic product in Russia in 2005\u201315: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"4","author":"Shkolnikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08464-4","article-title":"Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources","volume":"20","author":"Shkolnikov","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-7-4","article-title":"Treatment needs, diagnoses and use of services for acutely admitted psychiatric patients in northwest Russia and northern Norway","volume":"7","author":"Sorgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0061","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 16","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu038","article-title":"The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980\u20132013","volume":"43","author":"Steel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100507","article-title":"Building a better model: An introduction to structural equation modelling","volume":"51","author":"Streiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0064","series-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnik","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006141","article-title":"Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw334","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update 2016","volume":"37","author":"Townsend","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01354-x","article-title":"Multiple financial stressors and serious psychological distress among adults in the USA","volume":"65","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7151.115","article-title":"Poverty, unemployment, and common mental disorders: population based cohort study","volume":"317","author":"Weich","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0070","series-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181be7841","article-title":"Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: influences of gender, event severity, and depression history","volume":"197","author":"You","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61034-5","article-title":"Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a retrospective case-control study of 48 557 adult deaths","volume":"373","author":"Zaridze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62247-3","article-title":"Alcohol and mortality in Russia: prospective observational study of 151,000 adults","volume":"383","author":"Zaridze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721004250?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721004250?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T02:01:04Z","timestamp":1759024864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032721004250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0165032721004250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Socio-demographic, behavioural and psycho-social factors associated with depression in two Russian cities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.093","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}