{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:06:37Z","timestamp":1790435197134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T21:18:14Z","timestamp":1632777494000},"page":"363-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nightmare distress as a mediator between frequent nightmares and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2651-147X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cun-Xian","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123990","article-title":"Nightmares in patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Akkaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med.,"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0002","series-title":"Diagnostic and Coding Manual","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.3.592","article-title":"Nightmare frequency versus nightmare distress: relations to psychopathology and cognitive style","volume":"101","author":"Belicki","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094355","article-title":"The relationship of nightmare frequency to nightmare suffering with implications for treatment and research","volume":"2","author":"Belicki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dreaming."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00394.x","article-title":"The relationship of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress to well-being","volume":"13","author":"Blagrove","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res.,"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037749","article-title":"What does nightmare distress mean? Factorial structure and psychometric properties of the nightmare distress questionnaire (NDQ)","volume":"24","author":"B\u00f6ckermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dreaming,"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-60832006000400003","article-title":"Clinical significance of nightmares in patients with depressive disorder","volume":"33","author":"Chellappa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Psychiat.,"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5656-6","article-title":"Chronic sleep deprivation and gender-specific risk of depression in adolescents: a prospective population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Conklin","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health,"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1782-z","article-title":"Depression and the relationship between sleep disturbances, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in treatment-seeking Canadian armed forces members and veterans","volume":"18","author":"Don Richardson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry,"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/drm0000066","article-title":"Media use and gender relationship to the nightmare protection hypothesis: a cross-cultural analysis","volume":"28","author":"Gackenbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dreaming,"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811","article-title":"Risk factors for depression: an autobiographical review","volume":"14","author":"Hammen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.11.018","article-title":"The relationship between nightmares, depression and suicide","volume":"77","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5492","article-title":"The association between sleep disturbances and depression among firefighters: emotion dysregulation as an explanatory factor","volume":"12","author":"Hom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0014","first-page":"173","article-title":"Depression and suicide","volume":"57","author":"Jeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/drm0000106","article-title":"A brief self-report measure for frequent distressing nightmares: the nightmare experience scale","volume":"29","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516004359","article-title":"Is there an association between diet and depression in children and adolescents? A systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Khalid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0017","series-title":"Understanding Depression: Volume 1. Biomedical and Neurobiological Background","first-page":"263","article-title":"Risk factors and prevention strategies for depression in childhood and adolescence","author":"Kim","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.06.005","article-title":"Efficacy of imagery rescripting and imaginal exposure for nightmares: a randomized wait-list controlled trial","volume":"97","author":"Kunze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.053","article-title":"Nightmares and suicide risk in psychiatric patients: the roles of hopelessness and male depressive symptoms","volume":"264","author":"Lamis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1037\/drm0000039","article-title":"Nightmare distress as a mediator between nightmare frequency and suicidal ideation","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.04.002","article-title":"The marginalisation of dreams in clinical psychological practice","volume":"42","author":"Leonard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0022","first-page":"205","article-title":"Nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self-reported psychological disturbance","volume":"25","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181b0bd65","article-title":"The relationship between disturbed dreaming and somatic distress: a prospective investigation","volume":"197","author":"Levin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.3.482","article-title":"Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: a review and neurocognitive model","volume":"133","author":"Levin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of sleep-disordered breathing in a large sample of Chinese adolescents","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0885-7","article-title":"Poor sleep quality and nightmares are associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.01.001","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of nightmare distress questionnaire (NDQ-CV) in adolescents","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18m12181","article-title":"Nightmares are associated with future suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.1.1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of self-reported sleep problems among Chinese adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0030","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress with suicidal behavior in adolescents: mediating role of depressive symptoms","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-019-00222-3","article-title":"Psychometric properties of Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale (YSIS) in Chinese adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Biol. Rhythm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796017000488","article-title":"Prevalence of suicidal behaviour and associated factors in a large sample of Chinese adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psych. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.010","article-title":"Psychological and behavioral characteristics of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents","volume":"226","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.11.015","article-title":"Depression as a mediator between frequent nightmares and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a 3-wave longitudinal model","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000756","article-title":"Suicidal behaviours among Chinese adolescents exposed to suicide attempt or death","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psych. Sci."},{"issue":"10161","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.11.785","article-title":"Impact of frequency of nightmares comorbid with insomnia on depression in Japanese rural community residents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Nakajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.08.012","article-title":"Nightmare frequency is related to a propensity for mirror behaviors","volume":"22","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0039","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health, 2019. Major depression, mental health information statistics. https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/major-depression.shtml."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.03.010","article-title":"Personality, psychopathology and nightmares in young people","volume":"41","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7904","article-title":"Nightmares and stress: a longitudinal study","volume":"15","author":"Schredl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20190080","article-title":"Nightmare frequency and nightmare distress: socio-demographic and personality factors","volume":"12","author":"Schredl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719847422","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for nightmares for patients with persecutory delusions (nites): an assessor-blind, pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Sheaves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000804","article-title":"Nightmares in patients with psychosis: the Relation with sleep, psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms","volume":"60","author":"Sheaves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0045","first-page":"687","article-title":"Disturbed dreaming and sleep quality: altered sleep architecture in subjects with frequent nightmares","volume":"262","author":"Simor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psy. Clin. N"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1386","article-title":"Poor sleep quality predicts deficient emotion information processing over time in early adolescence","volume":"34","author":"Soffer-Dudek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0047","first-page":"110","article-title":"Reliability and validity of depression scales of Chinese version: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese J. Epid."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1105","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09216","article-title":"Imagery rehearsal therapy in addition to treatment as usual for patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses suffering from nightmares: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"van Schagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0708-y","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms among 67,077 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 30 low- and middle-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz061","article-title":"Age at menarche, menstrual problems, and daytime sleepiness in Chinese adolescent girls","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.005","article-title":"School-based depression and anxiety prevention programs for young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Werner-Seidler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072_bib0053","unstructured":"World Health Origination, 2020. Depression. https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721010314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721010314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T02:18:58Z","timestamp":1759025938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032721010314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0165032721010314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nightmare distress as a mediator between frequent nightmares and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.072","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}