{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:50:34Z","timestamp":1791021034143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH-096,784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH-096,784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T20:15:19Z","timestamp":1640204119000},"page":"10-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ketamine vs midazolam: Mood improvement reduces suicidal ideation in depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Annabella","family":"Hochschild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Keilp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainsley K.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. John","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Grunebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-053013-062946","article-title":"Ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: a window into a new neurobiology for mood disorder therapeutics","volume":"66","author":"Abdallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.186","article-title":"Ketamine treatment and global brain connectivity in major depression","volume":"42","author":"Abdallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0614-9","article-title":"Psychopharmacological agents and suicide risk reduction: ketamine and other approaches","volume":"17","author":"Al Jurdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.057","article-title":"Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of suicidal thoughts in clinical ketamine trials","volume":"218","author":"Ballard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.03.010","article-title":"Ketamine as a rapid-acting agent for suicidal ideation: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Bartoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra073096","article-title":"Major depressive disorder","volume":"358","author":"Belmaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103419","article-title":"Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: a theory driven network analysis","volume":"120","author":"De Beurs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.3.371","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: a 20-year prospective study","volume":"68","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0014","series-title":"Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism","author":"Case","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22227","article-title":"Neurobiology of stress, depression, and rapid acting antidepressants: remodeling synaptic connections","volume":"31","author":"Duman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0018","series-title":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","article-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID)","author":"First","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0021","first-page":"81","article-title":"Esketamine nasal spray for rapid reduction of major depressive disorder symptoms in patients who have active suicidal ideation with intent: double-blind, randomized study (ASPIRE I)","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2048","article-title":"Suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant treatment: reanalysis of the randomized placebo-controlled studies of fluoxetine and venlafaxine","volume":"69","author":"Gibbons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17060647","article-title":"Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.08.005","article-title":"Ketamine metabolite pilot study in a suicidal depression trial","volume":"117","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001237","article-title":"Opioid receptor \u03bc-1 and ketamine effects in a suicidal depression trial: a post hoc exploration","volume":"40","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.002","article-title":"Symptom components of standard depression scales and past suicidal behavior","volume":"87","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m08000","article-title":"SSRI versus bupropion effects on symptom clusters in suicidal depression: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedegaard, H., Curtin, S.C., Warner, M., 2020. Increase in suicide mortality in the United States, 1999-2018. NCHS Data Brief:1-8.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:101761"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.037","article-title":"Repeat-dose ketamine augmentation for treatment-resistant depression with chronic suicidal ideation: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"243","author":"Ionescu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e719","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10056","article-title":"Rapid and sustained reductions in current suicidal ideation following repeated doses of intravenous ketamine: secondary analysis of an open-label study","volume":"77","author":"Ionescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.018","article-title":"Suicidal ideation declines with improvement in the subjective symptoms of major depression","volume":"227","author":"Keilp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.045","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and the subjective aspects of depression","volume":"140","author":"Keilp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.034","article-title":"The lack of meaningful association between depression severity measures and neurocognitive performance","volume":"241","author":"Keilp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21m13921","article-title":"Effects of ketamine versus midazolam on neurocognition at 24\u00a0h in depressed patients with suicidal ideation","volume":"82","author":"Keilp","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114568041","article-title":"Neural correlates of change in major depressive disorder anhedonia following open-label ketamine","volume":"29","author":"Lally","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3010019","article-title":"The timing of antidepressant effects: a comparison of diverse pharmacological and somatic treatments","volume":"3","author":"Machado-Vieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0680-7","article-title":"Ketamine for treatment of suicidal ideation and reduction of risk for suicidal behavior","volume":"18","author":"Mallick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/87865","article-title":"The cellular neurobiology of depression","volume":"7","author":"Manji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1220","article-title":"Neurobiology of suicidal behaviour","volume":"4","author":"Mann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.16.2064","article-title":"Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review","volume":"294","author":"Mann","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0044","series-title":"Clinical Handbook For the Management of Mood Disorders","author":"Mann","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0045","series-title":"Manual For the Profile of Mood States","author":"McNair","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.03.002","article-title":"Regional brain metabolic correlates of self-reported depression severity contrasted with clinician ratings","volume":"126","author":"Milak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.4.397","article-title":"Neuroanatomic correlates of psychopathologic components of major depressive disorder","volume":"62","author":"Milak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.83","article-title":"A pilot in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of amino acid neurotransmitter response to ketamine treatment of major depressive disorder","volume":"21","author":"Milak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.13211","article-title":"Assessment of relationship of ketamine dose with magnetic resonance spectroscopy of glx and gaba responses in adults with major depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Milak","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22253","article-title":"Effects of ketamine on explicit and implicit suicidal cognition: a randomized controlled trial in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"31","author":"Price","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-015-0081-0","article-title":"Ketamine as a potential treatment for suicidal ideation: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Reinstatler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0080","article-title":"A consensus statement on the use of ketamine in the treatment of mood disorders","volume":"74","author":"Sanacora","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0057","series-title":"Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology","author":"Schatzberg","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199303000-00001","article-title":"Suicide as psychache","volume":"181","author":"Shneidman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16932","article-title":"Life expectancy and mortality rates in the United States, 1959-2017","volume":"322","author":"Woolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.010","article-title":"Replication of ketamine\u2019s antidepressant efficacy in bipolar depression: a randomized controlled add-on trial","volume":"71","author":"Zarate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721013756?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721013756?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:20:46Z","timestamp":1777494046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032721013756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0165032721013756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ketamine vs midazolam: Mood improvement reduces suicidal ideation in depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.055","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}