{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:35:45Z","timestamp":1774532145040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":327,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T21:00:44Z","timestamp":1640120444000},"page":"585-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Contributing factors to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of major depressive episode: Results from a national study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Rep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Peyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Dosquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Limosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Hoertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0514-6","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression","volume":"9","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66665-2","article-title":"Depression in the elderly","volume":"365","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet North Am. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0595-8","article-title":"New research on anxiety disorders in the elderly and an update on evidence-based treatments","volume":"17","author":"Andreescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234109","article-title":"Life events and adolescent depressive symptoms: protective factors associated with resilience","volume":"15","author":"Askeland","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21812","article-title":"Maternal depression and infant attachment security: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect","volume":"151","author":"Bernstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830050073012","article-title":"A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders","volume":"53","author":"Biederman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1701","article-title":"Generalizability of clinical trial results for adolescent major depressive disorder","volume":"140","author":"Blanco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006161","article-title":"Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample","volume":"36","author":"Breslau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00317-7","article-title":"Early and late onset depression in old age: different aetiologies, same phenomenology","volume":"66","author":"Brodaty","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.40.1.i","article-title":"Education and risk for late life depression: a meta-analysis of published literature","volume":"40","author":"Chang-Quan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0583","article-title":"Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0014","article-title":"Loneliness and depression among adults living on MS Gulf Coast: individual, interpersonal and community predictors","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-6-33","article-title":"ersk","volume":"6","author":"Classi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005501002","article-title":"Life course perspectives on the epidemiology of depression","volume":"55","author":"Colman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.04.008","article-title":"Protective factors against depression during the transition from adolescence to adulthood: findings from a national Canadian cohort","volume":"65","author":"Colman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.010","article-title":"Childhood abuse in late-life depression","volume":"147","author":"Comijs","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.85","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders","volume":"66","author":"Copeland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715613437","article-title":"ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity: functional outcomes in a school-based sample of children","volume":"24","author":"Cuffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt078","article-title":"Friend and family contact and support in early widowhood","volume":"69B","author":"de Vries","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B: Psychol.Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.118307","article-title":"Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies","volume":"202","author":"Diniz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01537.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of childhood abuse on the quality of life and health of older people: results from the depression and early prevention of suicide in general practice project: long-term effects of childhood abuse","volume":"56","author":"Draper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.016","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Erskine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.225","article-title":"Mental Health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression","volume":"59","author":"Fergusson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0501-y","article-title":"From childhood to adult age: 18-year longitudinal results and prediction of the course of mental disorders in the community","volume":"44","author":"Fichter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621","article-title":"Depression in older adults","volume":"5","author":"Fiske","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin.Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2438","article-title":"Late life depression: a comparison of risk factors and symptoms according to age of onset in community dwelling older adults","volume":"25","author":"Gallagher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0029","first-page":"22","volume":"393","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet North Am. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.41","article-title":"Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"14","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.021","article-title":"A systematic review comparing clinical features in early age at onset and late age at onset late-life depression","volume":"150","author":"Grayson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.03.007","article-title":"Subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms among older adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: prevalence and associated factors in a multicenter study","volume":"251","author":"Hoertel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.01.017","article-title":"Why does the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder in the elderly appear to be lower than in younger adults? Results from a national representative sample","volume":"149","author":"Hoertel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.017","article-title":"A dimensional liability model of age differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample","volume":"64","author":"Hoertel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19m13017","article-title":"Contributing factors to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of nonfatal suicidal behavior: results from a nationally representative study","volume":"81","author":"Hoertel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1428","article-title":"Late-life depression: the differences between early- and late-onset illness in a community-based sample","volume":"21","author":"Janssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.054239","article-title":"Minor depression during adolescence and mental health outcomes during adulthood","volume":"195","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br JPsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.453","article-title":"Association of maladaptive parental behavior with psychiatric disorder among parents and their offspring","volume":"58","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1308-2","article-title":"Family socioeconomic position in early life and onset of depressive symptoms and depression: a prospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Joinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.8.694","article-title":"A prospective 12-year study of subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms in unipolar major depressive disorders","volume":"55","author":"Judd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.10.1529","article-title":"Influence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders on young adult personality disorder","volume":"156","author":"Kasen","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820090044008","article-title":"Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder: same Genes, (Partly) different environments?","volume":"49","author":"Kendler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.1.39","article-title":"A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women","volume":"56","author":"Kendler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002012","article-title":"Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Kessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ad4d17","article-title":"Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders for older americans in the national comorbidity survey-replication","volume":"17","author":"King-Kallimanis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e541","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0844","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents who have a diagnosis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"114","author":"Klassen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.05.020","article-title":"Mapping risk factors for depression across the lifespan: an umbrella review of evidence from meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"103","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.042","article-title":"Early and late onset depression in young and middle aged adults: differential symptomatology, characteristics and risk factors?","volume":"138","author":"Korten","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830190033004","article-title":"A controlled family history study of childhood-onset depressive disorder","volume":"54","author":"Kovacs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P87","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P87","article-title":"Negative life events and depression in elderly persons: a meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kraaij","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B: Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01680-3","article-title":"The association of time since spousal loss and depression in widowhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190737","article-title":"Early parental loss and depressive disorder in Japan","volume":"245","author":"Kunugi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Nuerosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03547.x","article-title":"Correlation is no causation: gymnasium proliferation and the risk of obesity: letters to the Editor","volume":"106","author":"Le Strat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104401","article-title":"Attachment orientations and loss adjustment among bereaved spouses","volume":"112","author":"LeRoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18461","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018461","article-title":"Effects of protective factors on the depressive status of elderly people in Taiwan","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00100-7","article-title":"Maternal depression and parenting behavior","volume":"20","author":"Lovejoy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.05.001","article-title":"Comorbidity of late-life depression in the United States: a population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Manetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20687","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in the etiology of depression: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"27","author":"Maniglio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.03.001","article-title":"Examining the association between parenting and childhood depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"McLeod","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.059","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and impulsivity as predictors of interpersonal violence, self-injury and suicide attempts: a national study","volume":"269","author":"McMahon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.10.002","article-title":"The co-occurrence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and unipolar depression in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review","volume":"34","author":"Meinzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2011.04.022","article-title":"Maltreatment prevention through early childhood intervention: a confirmatory evaluation of the Chicago Child\u2013Parent Center preschool program","volume":"33","author":"Mersky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child. Youth. Serv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.057075","article-title":"Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"87","author":"Mikton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.019","article-title":"Paradise lost: the neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect","volume":"89","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.37.3.j","article-title":"The effect of \u201cParental Loss\u201d under 18 on developing \u201cMDD\u201d in adult age","volume":"37","author":"Noorikhajavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860600638529","article-title":"Mood and anxiety disorders in widowhood: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Onrust","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.04.010","article-title":"Stress, epigenetics and depression: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12092","article-title":"Depression in young adult psychiatric outpatients: delimiting early onset: delimiting early onset depression","volume":"9","author":"Ramirez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Early Intervent. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00028-9","article-title":"Personality traits and personality disorders in early onset versus late onset major depression","volume":"75","author":"Ramklint","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/psc.57.1.23","article-title":"Child and adolescent psychiatric disorders predicting adult personality disorder: a follow-up study","volume":"57","author":"Ramklint","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12686","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective transition from major depression to bipolar disorder","volume":"135","author":"Ratheesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2141","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent predictors of major depression in the transitiontoadulthood","volume":"160","author":"Reinherz","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00004","article-title":"The genetic aetiology of childhood depression: a review","volume":"43","author":"Rice","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.001","article-title":"The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample","volume":"92","author":"Ruan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033362","article-title":"Depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia","volume":"25","author":"Sands","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.04.004","article-title":"Risk factors for depression: differential across age?","volume":"25","author":"Schaakxs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt015","article-title":"Widowhood and depression among older europeans\u2013the role of gender, caregiving, marital quality, and regional context","volume":"68","author":"Schaan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B: Psychol.Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1611","article-title":"Prevention of late-life depression in primary care: do we know where to begin?","volume":"163","author":"Schoevers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070966","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"171","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1996.57.387","article-title":"Reliability and reporting biases for perceived parental history of alcohol-related problems: agreement between twins and differences between discordant pairs","volume":"57","author":"Slutske","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/351733","article-title":"Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: the conflict tactics (CT) scales","volume":"41","author":"Straus","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Marriage Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21719","article-title":"Child physical abuse and adult mental health: a national study: child Abuse and adult mental health","volume":"25","author":"Sugaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Traum. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1552","article-title":"Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Sullivan","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-015-0293-y","article-title":"Major depressive disorder and dysthymia at the intersection of nativity and racial\u2013ethnic origins","volume":"18","author":"Szaflarski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immigrant. Minority Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12070957","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: a case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes","volume":"170","author":"Teicher","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4","article-title":"Depression in adolescence","volume":"379","author":"Thapar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet North Am. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.009","article-title":"Anxiety and\/or depression in 10\u201315-year-olds investigated by child welfare in Canada","volume":"48","author":"Tonmyr","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.10.1596","article-title":"Conjugal loss and syndromal depression in a sample of elders aged 70 years or older","volume":"156","author":"Turvey","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.02.006","article-title":"Is repetitive negative thinking a transdiagnostic process? A comparison of key processes of RNT in depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and community controls","volume":"64","author":"Wahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1707","article-title":"Depressed adolescents grown Up","volume":"281","author":"Weissman","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0095","article-title":"Offspring of depressed parents: 20 years later","volume":"8","author":"Weissman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200011000-00014","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of probands with prepubertal-onset or adolescent-onset major depression","volume":"39","author":"Wickramaratne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.10.007","article-title":"Effects of paternal depression on fathers\u2019 parenting behaviors: a meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001103900402","article-title":"Marital status and risk for late life depression: a meta-analysis of the published literature","volume":"39","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0482-8","article-title":"Bereavement: course, consequences, and care","volume":"16","author":"Zisook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06101757","article-title":"Effect of age at onset on the course of major depressive disorder","volume":"164","author":"Zisook","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJP"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721014075?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721014075?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T02:44:29Z","timestamp":1759027469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032721014075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S0165032721014075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contributing factors to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of major depressive episode: Results from a national study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.082","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}