{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:22:04Z","timestamp":1792977724294,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T17:20:11Z","timestamp":1640539211000},"page":"449-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, general obesity, and abdominal obesity in patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Yuhan Karida","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanna M.W.","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Ceban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maj","family":"Vinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger C.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeho Greg","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartej","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo B.","family":"Mansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yena","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Rosenblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Teopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.03.107","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity","volume":"5","author":"Abdelaal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0002","article-title":"A case of successful treatment of comorbid obesity and polycystic ovarian disease with add-on metformin in bipolar disorder","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Primary Care Companion CNS Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S67400","article-title":"Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity","volume":"7","author":"Al-Goblan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metab. Syndrome Obes."},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0004","first-page":"S62","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0007","article-title":"Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2017","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid. Based Ment. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i6.889","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300608","article-title":"Medical comorbidity in a bipolar outpatient clinical population","volume":"30","author":"Beyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003008","article-title":"Neurococognitive and neuroimaging correlates of obesity and components of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Bora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.152850","article-title":"Insulin resistance and outcome in bipolar disorder","volume":"206","author":"Calkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00730.x","article-title":"Can body mass index help predict outcome in patients with bipolar disorder?","volume":"11","author":"Calkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2011.00131.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"2","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":". Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.9.1417","article-title":"Elevated frequency of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized manic-depressive patients","volume":"156","author":"Cassidy","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.42.1.d","article-title":"A multicenter study of bipolar disorder among emergency department patients in Latin-American countries","volume":"42","author":"Castilla-Puentes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0017","series-title":"On Your Way to Preventing Type 2 Diabetes","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-016-0054-4","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and diabetes mellitus: evidence for disease-modifying effects and treatment implications","volume":"4","author":"Charles","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1952-z","article-title":"Association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in patients suffering from bipolar disorder","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20128","article-title":"Risks of all-cause and Suicide Mortality in Mental disorders: a meta-review","volume":"13","author":"Chesney","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.09.005","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes in patients with bipolar disorder in Taiwan: a population-based national health insurance study","volume":"32","author":"Chien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.116","article-title":"Possible association between social cognition and metabolic dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia: preliminary results","volume":"246","author":"Cigliobianco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/3001616","article-title":"Some methods for strengthening the common \u03c7 2 tests","volume":"10","author":"Cochran","year":"1954","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-019-0142-3","article-title":"Metabolic profile in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives","volume":"7","author":"Coello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipol. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00001","article-title":"Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women","volume":"122","author":"Colditz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20420","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large-scale meta-analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.10.010","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs and obesity","volume":"17","author":"Correll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.121","article-title":"Body mass index and blood pressure in bipolar patients: target cardiometabolic markers for clinical practice","volume":"282","author":"Cuellar-Barboza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-016-0096-0","article-title":"Bipolar II compared with bipolar I disorder: baseline characteristics and treatment response to quetiapine in a pooled analysis of five placebo-controlled clinical trials of acute bipolar depression","volume":"15","author":"Datto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.01.005","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"24","author":"De Hert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184.ch9","article-title":"Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses","author":"Deeks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Handb. System. Rev. Intervent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.09.002","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials revisited","volume":"45","author":"DerSimonian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0031","series-title":"Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.11.1288","article-title":"Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"295","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw085","article-title":"Prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Eades","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007\u20132017","volume":"17","author":"Einarson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.12.019","article-title":"Economic burden of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Einarson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0306","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in bipolar patients","volume":"61","author":"Elmslie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0037","first-page":"414","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in Tunisian bipolar I patients","volume":"11","author":"Ezzaher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. Health Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23280","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Fabbrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00234.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians","volume":"7","author":"Fagiolini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bipol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.112","article-title":"Obesity as a correlate of outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"160","author":"Fagiolini","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230802177722","article-title":"Elevated prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk factors in bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Fiedorowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.06.002","article-title":"The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"106","author":"Garcia-Portilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.013","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests obesity predicts onset of chronic kidney disease in the general population","volume":"91","author":"Garofalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22969","article-title":"Antidepressant medications and weight change: a narrative review","volume":"28","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0045","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and the vascular system: mechanisms and new prevention opportunities","volume":"33","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2011-0768","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with bipolar disorder: a report from the Brazilian research network in bipolar disorder","volume":"35","author":"Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-60832010000200009","article-title":"Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in outpatients with bipolar disorder","volume":"37","author":"Gomes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.10.013","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: an exploratory study from North India","volume":"36","author":"Grover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2014.03.004","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors among bipolar disorder patients admitted to an inpatient unit of a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"10","author":"Grover","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02150.x","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in bipolar patients initiating acute-phase treatment: a 6-month follow up","volume":"64","author":"Guan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.01.014","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia compared with a non-psychiatric sample","volume":"37","author":"Gurpegui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01146-0","article-title":"Clinical and genetic differences between bipolar disorder type 1 and 2 in multiplex families","volume":"11","author":"Guzman-Parra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12464","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities and correlates of hospital readmission rate in patients with acute mania: a one-year retrospective data from a tertiary care","volume":"56","author":"Haddad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatr. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0055","series-title":"Statistical Meta-Analysis with Applications","author":"Hartung","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12408","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of premature mortality in bipolar affective disorder","volume":"131","author":"Hayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5636","article-title":"Medical and psychiatric comorbidities in bipolar disorder: insights from national inpatient population-based study","author":"Hossain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183934","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and obesity-related risk factors in southern China","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-185","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome among psychiatric outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"14","author":"Hung","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-103","article-title":"Methods for calculating confidence and credible intervals for the residual between-study variance in random effects meta-regression models","volume":"14","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Method."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0476-2","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: multiple mechanisms contribute to interactions","volume":"14","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0062","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in Dutch patients with bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Jong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-3-13","article-title":"Sex differences in human adipose tissues \u2013 the biology of pear shape","volume":"3","author":"Karastergiou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1957","article-title":"Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in nondiabetic U.S. adults","volume":"33","author":"Karve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1205","article-title":"Bipolar disorder, obesity, and pharmacotherapy-associated weight gain","volume":"64","author":"Keck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.027","article-title":"Causes of decreased life expectancy over the life span in bipolar disorder","volume":"180","author":"Kessing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.072","article-title":"A nation-wide population-based longitudinal study mapping physical diseases in patients with bipolar disorder and their siblings","volume":"282","author":"Kessing","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0068","first-page":"4","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with bipolar affective disorder","volume":"41","author":"Khalil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bahrain Med. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes \u2013 global burden of disease and forecasted trends","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00138.x","article-title":"Burden of general medical conditions among individuals with bipolar disorder","volume":"6","author":"Kilbourne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bipolar Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes20008","article-title":"Males with obesity and overweight","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obes. Metab. Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00314","article-title":"Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus type II in bipolar disorder","volume":"11","author":"Kittel-Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-014-0559-8","article-title":"Body fat distribution and associations with metabolic and clinical characteristics in bipolar individuals","volume":"265","author":"Lackner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.041","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetic abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorders","volume":"189","author":"Leopold","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2174\/138945006775515419","article-title":"Preventing type 2 diabetes in high risk patients: an overview of lifestyle and pharmacological measures","volume":"7","author":"Liberopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071132","article-title":"Impaired glucose metabolism in bipolar patients: the role of psychiatrists in its detection and management","volume":"16","author":"\u0141ojko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00076","article-title":"Weight gain during treatment of bipolar disorder (BD)\u2014facts and therapeutic options","author":"Mangge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.10.007","article-title":"The effect of body mass index on glucagon-like peptide receptor gene expression in the post mortem brain from individuals with mood and psychotic disorders","volume":"29","author":"Mansur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.002","article-title":"Impaired glucose metabolism moderates the course of illness in bipolar disorder","volume":"195","author":"Mansur","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0084","article-title":"Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease","volume":"22","author":"Mantel","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2009.00366.x","article-title":"Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Mathias","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64085-0","article-title":"Inflammatory responses to amyloidosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"158","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0306","article-title":"Correlates of overweight and obesity in 644 patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"63","author":"McElroy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12717","article-title":"Is obesity changing the phenotype of bipolar disorder from predominately euphoric toward mixed presentations?","volume":"20","author":"McIntyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13026","article-title":"In vivo phenotyping, mechanism-informed treatments, domain-based psychopathology and nomological networks: a strategy for treatment discovery and development in bipolar depression","volume":"22","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"10265","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet North Am. Ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230590932380","article-title":"Bipolar Disorder and Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Treatment Implications","volume":"17","author":"Mcintyre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-010-0072-z","article-title":"The rate of metabolic syndrome in euthymic Canadian individuals with bipolar I\/II disorder","volume":"27","author":"McIntyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0092","article-title":"The inverse of the Freeman \u2013 Tukey double arcsine transformation","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Statistician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.09.002","article-title":"Altered plasma cytokine levels in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with the disease progression","volume":"114","author":"Motta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-9920","article-title":"Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: implications for care","volume":"30","author":"Nathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1373-y","article-title":"The comorbidity burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus: patterns, clusters and predictions from a large English primary care cohort","volume":"17","author":"Nowakowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0095","article-title":"What are bipolar disorders?","author":"Parekh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry.org"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.052","article-title":"General medical conditions in 347 bipolar disorder patients: clinical correlates of metabolic and autoimmune-allergic diseases","volume":"170","author":"Perugi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0097","first-page":"103","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: screening and diagnosis","volume":"93","author":"Pippitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"AFP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000116","article-title":"More medical comorbidities in patients with bipolar disorder from the United States than from the Netherlands and Germany","volume":"202","author":"Post","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00456-6","article-title":"Increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among psychiatric inpatients with bipolar I affective and schizoaffective disorders independent of psychotropic drug use","volume":"70","author":"Regenold","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.06.006","article-title":"Glucose metabolism alterations in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"184","author":"Rosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0504","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy\u2014a review","volume":"3","author":"Said","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.04.009","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in Italian patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"30","author":"Salvi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02160.x","article-title":"Age-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Italian patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"65","author":"Salvi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.025","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and comorbidity: increased prevalence and increased relevance of comorbidity for hospital-based mortality during a 12.5-year observation period in general hospital admissions","volume":"169","author":"Schoepf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230600948423","article-title":"Weight gain occurs after onset of bipolar illness in overweight bipolar patients","volume":"18","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00599.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional assessment of a Health Management Organization database","volume":"10","author":"Sicras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/52397","article-title":"Age is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases","author":"Suastika","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glucose Tolerance"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1187","article-title":"How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181b7ef2a","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction and medical morbidity in elderly outpatients with bipolar disorder","volume":"17","author":"Tsai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00520.x","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"10","author":"van Winkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.01.007","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in bipolar disorders","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.020","article-title":"Physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"201","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20252","article-title":"Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061816","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiology and treatments","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002373","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality in bipolar disorder: a population-based cohort study in Sweden","volume":"3","author":"Westman","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0114","series-title":"Obesity and Overweight","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0115","series-title":"Diabetes. Who.int","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00650-3","article-title":"Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4587","article-title":"Association of obesity with mortality over 24 years of weight history","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib0119","article-title":"The effects of high-fat-diet combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress on depression-like behavior and leptin\/LepRb in male rats","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.059","article-title":"The potential association between obesity and bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"202","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721014270?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032721014270?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T02:38:58Z","timestamp":1759027138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032721014270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["S0165032721014270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, general obesity, and abdominal obesity in patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.110","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}