{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:27:38Z","timestamp":1786991258256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T17:08:42Z","timestamp":1659978522000},"page":"26-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The real-world health resource use and costs of misdiagnosing bipolar I disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lalibert\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Germain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean D.","family":"MacKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.28.082206.094100","article-title":"Methods for improving regression analysis for skewed continuous or counted responses","volume":"28","author":"Afifi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0010","series-title":"Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0015","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1673","article-title":"Goodness-of-fit diagnostics for the propensity score model when estimating treatment effects using covariate adjustment with the propensity score","volume":"17","author":"Austin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1010","article-title":"Economic consequences of not recognizing bipolar disorder patients: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis","volume":"64","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01917.x","article-title":"Duration of untreated bipolar disorder: missed opportunities on the long road to optimal treatment","volume":"127","author":"Drancourt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0035","series-title":"Psychotherapeutic Medication Guidelines for Adults 2017-2018","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0040","series-title":"White Paper","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0045","first-page":"9","article-title":"The mood disorder questionnaire: a simple, patient-rated screening instrument for bipolar disorder","volume":"4","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0209","article-title":"Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder","volume":"64","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0055","article-title":"Mixed specifier for bipolar mania and depression: highlights of DSM-5 changes and implications for diagnosis and treatment in primary care","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000320124.91799.2a","article-title":"Clinical and economic effects of unrecognized or inadequately treated bipolar disorder","volume":"14","author":"Keck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0065","first-page":"1542","article-title":"Influence of misdiagnosis on the course of bipolar disorder","volume":"17","author":"Knezevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00467.x","article-title":"Three times more days depressed than manic or hypomanic in both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder","volume":"9","author":"Kupka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.06.018","article-title":"The impact of unrecognized bipolar disorders among patients treated for depression with antidepressants in the fee-for-services California medicaid (Medi-Cal) program: a 6-year retrospective analysis","volume":"97","author":"McCombs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1860358","article-title":"The rapid mood screener (RMS): a novel and pragmatic screener for bipolar I disorder","volume":"37","author":"McIntyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.543","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication","volume":"64","author":"Merikangas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(14)70003-5","article-title":"The prevalence and burden of bipolar depression","volume":"169","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00559.x","article-title":"Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar depression: a probabilistic approach","volume":"10","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04994yel","article-title":"Early-onset bipolar disorder and treatment delay are risk factors for poor outcome in adulthood","volume":"71","author":"Post","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19091000","article-title":"20-year trends in the pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder by psychiatrists in outpatient care settings","volume":"177","author":"Rhee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0115","first-page":"57","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13111501","article-title":"The risk of switch to mania in patients with bipolar disorder during treatment with an antidepressant alone and in combination with a mood stabilizer","volume":"171","author":"Viktorin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032722008370?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032722008370?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T03:17:28Z","timestamp":1759029448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032722008370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0165032722008370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The real-world health resource use and costs of misdiagnosing bipolar I disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 AbbVie, Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}