{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:35:58Z","timestamp":1791909358077,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T16:03:16Z","timestamp":1684857796000},"page":"37-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"337","author":[{"given":"Chaoren","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiliang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23063","article-title":"Humanistic and economic burden of depression and anxiety among adults with migraine: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Alwhaibi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217872","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation reduces pain and fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial","volume":"80","author":"Aranow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.009","article-title":"Neurophysiologic effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) via electrical stimulation of the tragus: a concurrent taVNS\/fMRI study and review","volume":"11","author":"Badran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13122","article-title":"The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"236","author":"Butt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000447034","article-title":"The safety, tolerability and risks associated with the use of newer generation antidepressant drugs: a critical review of the literature","volume":"85","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Cipriani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.12.007","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow changes during vagus nerve stimulation for depression","volume":"146","author":"Conway","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27767","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.9058se1c.04gry","article-title":"Major depressive disorder treatment guidelines in America and Europe","volume":"71","author":"Davidson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-013-1582-9","article-title":"Risk factors for non-adherence to antidepressant treatment in patients with mood disorders","volume":"70","author":"De las Cuevas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.068","article-title":"Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on major depressive disorder with peripartum onset: a multicenter, open-label, controlled proof-of-concept clinical trial (DELOS-1)","volume":"316","author":"Deligiannidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1515\/BMT.2008.022","article-title":"A novel transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation leads to brainstem and cerebral activations measured by functional MRI","volume":"53","author":"Dietrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomedizinische Technik\/Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0060","series-title":"The Clinical Trial on Depression Treated by Electroacupuncture of the Vagus Nerve in Auricular Conchea and its Brain Response Monitored by fMRI (Doctorate)","author":"Fang","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.12.016","article-title":"Early cortical biomarkers of longitudinal transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation treatment success in depression","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1ae0","article-title":"Depression in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Fiest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10509","article-title":"Non-pharmacological biological treatment approaches to difficult-to-treat depression","volume":"199","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.018","article-title":"Non-invasive access to the Vagus nerve central projections via electrical stimulation of the external ear: fMRI evidence in humans","volume":"8","author":"Frangos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0085","series-title":"Nomenclature and Location of Auricular Points, GB\/T 13734-2008","author":"General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People\u2019\u2019s Republic of China; Standardization Administration of the People\u2019\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290002191X","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: a new form of therapeutic brain stimulation","volume":"5","author":"George","year":"2000","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986018003271","article-title":"Estimation of effect size from a series of experiments involving paired comparisons","volume":"18","author":"Gibbons","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Educ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8885729","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8885729","article-title":"Effects of transcutaneous auricular Vagus nerve stimulation on peripheral and central tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats with depression-chronic somatic pain comorbidity","volume":"2020","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural. Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.01.004","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Hawton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0908-6","article-title":"Auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in depressed patients: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"120","author":"Hein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neural Transmis. (Vienna, Austria: 1996)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09050627","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of suicide attempts in DSM\u2013IV major depressive disorder: a five-year prospective study","volume":"167","author":"Holma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0120","first-page":"889","article-title":"Effect of auricular electroacupuncture on depression after stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"49","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. New Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25864-1","article-title":"Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00020","article-title":"Treating depression with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: state of the art and future perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.11.004","article-title":"Chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression increases regional cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"191","author":"Kosel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0755-z","article-title":"BOLD fMRI deactivation of limbic and temporal brain structures and mood enhancing effect by transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"114","author":"Kraus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key335","article-title":"Temporal relationships between systemic lupus erythematosus and comorbidities","volume":"58","author":"Kuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.08.007","article-title":"A common challenge in older adults: classification, overlap, and therapy of depression and dementia","volume":"13","author":"Leyhe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0155","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation triggers melatonin secretion and is antidepressive in Zucker diabetic fatty rats","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.11.013","article-title":"The effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on treatment-resistant depression monitored by resting-state fMRI and MRS: the first case report","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.10.021","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation vs citalopram for major depressive disorder: a randomized trial","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0170","article-title":"An assessor-blinded, randomized comparative trial of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) combined with cranial electroacupuncture vs. citalopram for depression with chronic pain","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.003","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates amygdala functional connectivity in patients with depression","volume":"205","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0180","first-page":"1484","article-title":"Treating depression patients with deficiency of heart and spleen using auricular point stimulation with electricity: A randomized single-blinded trial of 23 cases","volume":"55","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.862443","article-title":"Effects of sub-threshold transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cingulate cortex and insula resting-state functional connectivity","volume":"16","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442","article-title":"Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030","volume":"3","author":"Mathers","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0200","author":"National Health Commission of the People'\u2019s Republic of China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089","article-title":"The nerve supply of the human auricle","volume":"15","author":"Peuker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.025","article-title":"Amino acid neurotransmitters assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: relationship to treatment resistance in major depressive disorder","volume":"65","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31140-0","article-title":"Cost and outcome of Behavioural activation versus cognitive behavioural therapy for depression (COBRA): a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"388","author":"Richards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2462","article-title":"Association of depression with Risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus in women assessed across 2 decades","volume":"75","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0225","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"CS20130518","author":"Rong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.031","article-title":"Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on major depressive disorder: a nonrandomized controlled pilot study","volume":"195","author":"Rong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.025","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, controlled acute phase trial","volume":"58","author":"Rush","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","author":"Santomauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0245","first-page":"457","article-title":"Clinical effect of electro-acupuncture at auricular points in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with post-stroke depression","volume":"37","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Guangzhou Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30272-9","article-title":"Side-effects associated with ketamine use in depression: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20765","article-title":"Safety of 80 antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-attention-deficit\/hyperactivity medications and mood stabilizers in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a large scale systematic meta-review of 78 adverse effects","volume":"19","author":"Solmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115100-00003","article-title":"Severe depression: is there a best approach?","volume":"15","author":"Sonawalla","year":"2001","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0265","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.01.006","article-title":"A distinct biomarker of continuous transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation treatment in major depressive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12705-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","author":"UK ECT Review Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050021","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for partial onset seizure therapy. A new concept","volume":"16","author":"Ventureyra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0290","series-title":"The Efficacy of Stimulating Auricular Concha with Electricity in Mild to Moderate Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Master)","author":"Wang","year":"2014"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0295","first-page":"685","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on clinical practice of post-stroke depression","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-020-00619-y","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: from concept to application","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02341-6","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying antidepressant effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on CUMS model rats based on hippocampal alpha 7nAchR\/NF-kappa B signal pathway","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2022.2020095","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulators: a review of past, present, and future devices","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.09.003","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A double blinded randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.04.010","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: A pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013845","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0330","series-title":"The Efficacy and SET Mechanism Study of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Mild to Moderate Depression (Master)","author":"Xie","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0335","first-page":"198","article-title":"Study of vagus nerve in ear electronic acupuncture stimulation for senior patients with treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0340","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Treating poststroke depression with a combination of auricular point stimulation with electricity and antidepressants: a clinical trial of 33 cases","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0345","series-title":"Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (ta-VNS) for Treatment of Drug-resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101596","article-title":"Effects of auricular acupressure on depression in stroke patients: a single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12650","article-title":"Vagus nerve and vagus nerve stimulation, a comprehensive review: part II","volume":"56","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.013","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials","volume":"158","author":"Zabor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(13)60099-0","article-title":"Treating poststroke depression with auricular point stimulation with electricity: a clinical trial of 34 cases","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. External Therapy Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0370","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Treating postnatal depression with auricular point stimulation with electricity: A clinical trial of 43 cases","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Acupunct. Moxibustion"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0375","first-page":"69","article-title":"The efficacy of auricular point stimulation with electricity in patients with comorbidity of cerebral small vessel disease and depression","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Yunnan Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102088","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for migraine: an fMRI study","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Region Anesth Pain M"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.686514","article-title":"Significant increase in depression in women with primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and cumulative analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.01.018","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical cranial-auricular acupoints stimulation (TECAS) for treatment of the depressive disorder with insomnia as the complaint (DDI): A case series","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.04.028","article-title":"Severity classification on the Hamilton depression rating scale","volume":"150","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032723006857?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032723006857?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:03:34Z","timestamp":1759032214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032723006857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0165032723006857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}