{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T08:01:46Z","timestamp":1772697706176,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T02:20:42Z","timestamp":1697163642000},"page":"311-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anxiety during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"345","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Rickelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Viechtbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Marcelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.A.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"van Oppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Eikelenboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Schruers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders \u2013 Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.05.007","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy in medication non-responders with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a prospective 1-year follow-up study","volume":"25","author":"Anand","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0020","first-page":"416","article-title":"Letter to the editor: recent advances in research on cognition and emotion in OCD","volume":"15","author":"Anholt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.11.1247","article-title":"Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory","volume":"55","author":"Barlow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb7000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07091440","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for augmenting pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"165","author":"Blair Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.01.011","article-title":"Increasingly certain about uncertainty: intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression","volume":"26","author":"Carelton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473","article-title":"The p factor: one general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders?","volume":"2","author":"Caspi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001781","article-title":"The relationship between cognitive functioning and psychopathology in patients with psychiatric disorders: a transdiagnostic network analysis","author":"Chavez-Baldini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/105378","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"53","author":"Citkowska-Kisielewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Pol."},{"issue":"11\/12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00037-X","article-title":"Does the Beck anxiety inventory measure anything beyond panic attack symptoms?","volume":"35","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.05.005","article-title":"Perseveration causes automatization of checking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"71","author":"Dek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.06.007","article-title":"Latent class analysis of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"52","author":"Delucchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0075","first-page":"82","article-title":"Treatment outcome in adult OCD: predictors and processes of change","volume":"2","author":"Farrel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Couns. Psychother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22034","article-title":"Are \u201cnot just right experiences\u201d (NJREs) specific to obsessive-compulsive symptoms?: evidence that NJREs span across symptoms of emotional disorders","volume":"70","author":"Fergus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.04.019","article-title":"Clinical features associated to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"94","author":"Ferr\u00e3o","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0090","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders \u2013 Patient Edition (Scid-I\/P, Version 2.0)","author":"First","year":"1999"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1605","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09468","article-title":"Predicting course of illness in patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"76","author":"Garnaat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.033","article-title":"The role of habit in compulsivity","volume":"26","author":"Gillan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002786","article-title":"A transdiagnostic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"47","author":"Gillan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008","article-title":"The Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. II. Validity","volume":"46","author":"Goodman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007","article-title":"The Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability","volume":"46","author":"Goodman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.132","article-title":"Affect and worry during a checking episode: a comparison of individuals with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, body dysmorphic disorder, illness anxiety disorder, and panic disorder","volume":"272","author":"Hartmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000520454","article-title":"Effectiveness of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy and predictors of outcome in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"91","author":"Kathmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.00997.x","article-title":"Predictors of course in obsessive-compulsive disorder: logistic regression versus Cox regression for recurrent events","volume":"116","author":"Kempe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.146","article-title":"Comorbid depression and treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD: diagnosis versus severity","volume":"295","author":"Klein Breteler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.014","article-title":"Clinical relevance of comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Netherlands OCD Association study","volume":"150","author":"Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717711170","article-title":"Presence and predictive value of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders","volume":"63","author":"Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.08.008","article-title":"A systematic review of predictors and moderators of response to psychological therapies in OCD: do we have enough empirical evidence to target treatment?","volume":"33","author":"Knopp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.05.004","article-title":"Examination of the utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and its factors as a screener for anxiety disorders","volume":"20","author":"Leyfer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20514","article-title":"Beyond \u201cat risk mental state\u201d concept: transitioning to transdiagnostic psychiatry","volume":"17","author":"McGorry","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-12-66","article-title":"Is the Beck Anxiety Inventory a good tool to assess the severity of anxiety? A primary care study in The Netherlands study of depression and anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"12","author":"Muntingh","year":"2011","journal-title":"B.M.C. Family Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb6010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12661","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up study of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"72","author":"Nakajima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115601207","article-title":"Examination of a bifactor model of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions","volume":"24","author":"Olatunji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0180","series-title":"Obsessions and Compulsions","author":"Rachman","year":"1980"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01779-7","article-title":"4-Years course of quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"55","author":"Remmerswaal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90105-6","article-title":"Obsessional-compulsive problems: a cognitive-behavioural analysis","volume":"23","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1372","article-title":"The Netherlands Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study: design and rationale of a longitudinal naturalistic study of the course of OCD and clinical characteristics of the sample at baseline","volume":"21","author":"Schuurmans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-01007-8","article-title":"Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Shephard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.121","article-title":"A 40-year follow-up of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"56","author":"Skoog","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2011.567243","article-title":"Functions of compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"45","author":"Starcevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Austr. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0102-3","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.04.004","article-title":"Predictors and moderators of cognitive and behavioral therapy outcomes for OCD: a patient-level mega-analysis of eight sites","volume":"50","author":"Steketee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20481","article-title":"Correlates and mediators of functional disability in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Storch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0056-z","article-title":"Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: impact of the disorder and of treatment","volume":"27","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20525","article-title":"Concurrent validity of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Symptom Checklist","volume":"64","author":"Sulkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.005","article-title":"Brain circuitry of compulsivity","volume":"26","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003701","article-title":"Chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder: prognostic factors","volume":"48","author":"van Oudheusden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415579919","article-title":"Toward understanding of the heterogeneity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from narratives in adult patients","volume":"50","author":"van Schalkwyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.07.007","article-title":"Clinical predictors of quality of life in a large sample of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder outpatients","volume":"86","author":"Velloso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032723012600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032723012600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:12:38Z","timestamp":1759032758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032723012600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0165032723012600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anxiety during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.078","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}