{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:06:18Z","timestamp":1792685178552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBGJ202002065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBGJ202002065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T11:31:43Z","timestamp":1701862303000},"page":"569-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison of dexmedetomidine and a dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination for reducing dental anxiety in preschool children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"347","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong-Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingcui","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanna","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.10.005","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine promotes biomimetic non-rapid eye movement stage 3 sleep in humans: a pilot study","volume":"129","author":"Akeju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000594","article-title":"European Society of Anaesthesiology evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium","volume":"34","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"The long-term effect of previous dental treatment under general anaesthesia on children\u2019s dental fear and anxiety","author":"Aldossari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/77.5.625","article-title":"Effect of racemic mixture and the (S+)-isomer of ketamine on temporal and spatial summation of pain","volume":"77","author":"Arendt-Nielsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04184-0","article-title":"Turkish version of the faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS): translation, reliability, and validity","volume":"26","author":"Arslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1984.0328","article-title":"Dental fear and avoidance: causes, symptoms, and consequences","volume":"109","author":"Berggren","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059020-00012","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine","volume":"59","author":"Bhana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01565.x","article-title":"Facilitating coping behavior in children prior to dental general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0055","first-page":"12E","article-title":"Assessing change in quality of life and dental anxiety in young children following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia","volume":"36","author":"Cantekin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk of esketamine anesthesia on the emergence delirium in preschool children after minor surgery: a prospective observational clinical study","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0065","first-page":"121","article-title":"Dental fear\/anxiety among children and adolescents. A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Cianetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-021-00402-9","article-title":"A pilot study testing intranasal ketamine for the treatment of procedural anxiety in children undergoing laceration repair","volume":"15","author":"Cristoforo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.1189","article-title":"Efficacy of Esketamine nasal spray plus Oral antidepressant treatment for relapse prevention in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Daly","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13667","article-title":"The comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam premedication on postoperative anxiety in children for hernia repair surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-022-02305-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal ketamine compared with intranasal dexmedetomidine as a premedication before general anesthesia in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001145","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of depth of anesthesia on emergence agitation in children","volume":"122","author":"Frederick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117705089","article-title":"Ketamine\u2019s dose-related effects on anxiety symptoms in patients with treatment refractory anxiety disorders","volume":"31","author":"Glue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update","volume":"57","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12712","article-title":"Prevalence of dental anxiety in children and adolescents globally: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"31","author":"Grisolia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_150_18","article-title":"Dental anxiety and oral health-related quality of life in children following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation: a prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Guney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4813123","article-title":"Dental anxiety, distress at induction and postoperative morbidity in children undergoing tooth extraction using general anaesthesia","volume":"200","author":"Hosey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-017-0917-x","article-title":"The effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Jun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S198123","article-title":"The effect of midazolam administration for the prevention of emergence agitation in pediatric patients with extreme fear and non-cooperation undergoing dental treatment under sevoflurane anesthesia, a double-blind, randomized study","volume":"13","author":"Kawai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15117","article-title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative behaviour change in children: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Lee-Archer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109736","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine versus other sedatives for non-painful pediatric examinations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0140","article-title":"A comparison of intranasal dexmedetomidine, esketamine or a dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination for induction of anaesthesia in children: a randomized controlled double-blind trial","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0145","first-page":"282","article-title":"Factors influencing referral of children for dental extractions under general and local anaesthesia","volume":"22","author":"Macpherson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Community Dent. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.20153","article-title":"Effect of preoperative dexmedetomidine nebulization on the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation: a randomized control trial","volume":"74","author":"Misra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.818822","article-title":"Effects of a single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine on postoperative emotional responses and inflammatory factors in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000544978.56301.f6","article-title":"Antidepressant medications","volume":"118","author":"Sabella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132840","article-title":"Intranasal dexmedetomidine compared to a combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine with ketamine for sedation of children requiring dental treatment: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Sado-Filho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.04.004","article-title":"Dental anxiety: an understudied problem in youth","volume":"55","author":"Seligman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.10.023","article-title":"The effects of racemic ketamine on painful stimulation of skin and viscera in human subjects","volume":"113","author":"Strigo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13800","article-title":"Treatment response with esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant depression without evidence of early response: a pooled post hoc analysis of the TRANSFORM studies","volume":"82","author":"Turkoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0190","article-title":"The evaluation of dental anxiety in primary school children: a cross-sectional study from Romania","volume":"7","author":"Vlad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0195","article-title":"Use of various doses of S-ketamine in treatment of depression and pain in cervical carcinoma patients with mild\/moderate depression after laparoscopic total hysterectomy","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110631","article-title":"The effect of intravenous ketamine on depressive symptoms after surgery: a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02504-7","article-title":"The association of socio-economic status, dental anxiety, and behavioral and clinical variables with adolescents\u2019 oral health-related quality of life","volume":"29","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S381611","article-title":"Remimazolam for the prevention of emergence delirium in children following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia: a randomized controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032723014775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032723014775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:26:07Z","timestamp":1759033567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032723014775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0165032723014775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and a dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination for reducing dental anxiety in preschool children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}