{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:52:16Z","timestamp":1791377536759,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027043","name":"Milken Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019211","name":"AbbVie Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001352","name":"National University of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A-0001415-09-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-0001415-09-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022974","name":"Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:20:32Z","timestamp":1705796432000},"page":"698-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A comparison between psilocybin and esketamine in treatment-resistant depression using number needed to treat (NNT): A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"350","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela T.H.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Teopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gia Han","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakila","family":"Meshkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"d'Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Di Vincenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Rosenblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.08.019","article-title":"Treatment resistant depression: a multi-scale, systems biology approach","volume":"84","author":"Akil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7168.1309","article-title":"Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat","volume":"317","author":"Altman","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12971","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15f09870","article-title":"The numbers needed to treat and harm (NNT, NNH) statistics: what they tell us and what they do not","volume":"76","author":"Andrade","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(00)00134-3","article-title":"Calculating confidence intervals for the number needed to treat","volume":"22","author":"Bender","year":"2001","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30065-7","article-title":"Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study","volume":"3","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S391096","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray plus a newly initiated oral antidepressant in adult patients with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, active-controlled study conducted in China and USA","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"271","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.106","article-title":"Appraising esketamine nasal spray for the management of treatment-resistant depression in adults: Number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and likelihood to be helped or harmed","volume":"15","author":"Citrome","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.02.010","article-title":"Rethinking ketamine and esketamine action: are they antidepressants with mood-stabilizing properties?","volume":"70","author":"d\u2019Andrea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011054","article-title":"Indirect comparisons: a review of reporting and methodological quality","volume":"5","author":"Donegan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyz039","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose esketamine nasal spray combined with a new oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: results of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study (TRANSFORM-1)","volume":"22","author":"Fedgchin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023D696","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.2023d696","article-title":"The use of esketamine in the treatment of patients with oral antidepressant-resistant depression: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Floriano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0065","series-title":"FDA Approves New Nasal Spray Medication for Treatment-resistant Depression; Available Only at a Certified doctor\u2019s Office or Clinic [WWW Document]","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0070","article-title":"FDA issues first draft guidance on clinical trials with psychedelic drugs [WWW document]","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2023","journal-title":"FDA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206443","article-title":"Single-dose psilocybin for a treatment-resistant episode of major depression","volume":"387","author":"Goodwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0080","first-page":"7","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: approaches to treatment","volume":"59","author":"Kverno","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080484","article-title":"The \u201cnumber needed to treat\u201d turns 20 \u2014 and continues to be used and misused","volume":"179","author":"McAlister","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.07.035","article-title":"The meaningful change threshold as measured by the 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive and bipolar disorder receiving intravenous ketamine","volume":"294","author":"McIntyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20081251","article-title":"Synthesizing the evidence for ketamine and esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: an international expert opinion on the available evidence and implementation","volume":"178","author":"McIntyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21120","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions","volume":"22","author":"McIntyre","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01316-5","article-title":"Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB","volume":"26","author":"Moliner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.07.076","article-title":"Classical psychedelics for the treatment of depression and anxiety: a systematic review","volume":"258","author":"Muttoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0115","article-title":"Availability and use of number needed to treat (NNT) based decision aids for pharmaceutical interventions","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Explor. Res. Clin. Soc. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127","article-title":"Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Nikolin","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.10.008","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant in elderly patients with treatment-resistant depression\u2014TRANSFORM-3","volume":"28","author":"Ochs-Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19020172","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray combined with a newly initiated oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized double-blind active-controlled study","volume":"176","author":"Popova","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11450","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911450","article-title":"Esketamine and psilocybin\u2014the comparison of two mind-altering agents in depression treatment: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Psiuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(03)00112-0","article-title":"Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D): rationale and design","volume":"25","author":"Rush","year":"2004","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report","volume":"163","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1524-4733.2002.55150.x","article-title":"Odds ratio, relative risk, absolute risk reduction, and the number needed to treat\u2014which of these should we use?","volume":"5","author":"Schechtman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0155","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0160","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142_bb0165","author":"World Health Organization"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032724001599?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032724001599?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T15:46:32Z","timestamp":1762789592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032724001599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0165032724001599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comparison between psilocybin and esketamine in treatment-resistant depression using number needed to treat (NNT): A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.142","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}