{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T08:25:17Z","timestamp":1789287917117,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T16:16:33Z","timestamp":1734797793000},"page":"35-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unraveling the causal pathways of maternal smoking and breastfeeding in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"373","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyou","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenggang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004191","article-title":"Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: a national, population cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Adams","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120526","article-title":"Programming of future generations during breastfeeding: the intricate relation between metabolic and neurodevelopment disorders","volume":"298","author":"Amaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573","article-title":"Association of White Matter Structure with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"74","author":"Aoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedford, S.A., Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M.V., Chakrabarti, B., Ruigrok, A., Suckling, J., Anagnostou, E., Lerch, J.P., Taylor, M., Nicolson, R., Stelios, G., Crosbie, J., Schachar, R., Kelley, E., Jones, J., Arnold, P.D., Courchesne, E., Pierce, K., Eyler, L.T., Campbell, K., Barnes, C.C., Seidlitz, J., Alexander-Bloch, A.F., Bullmore, E.T., Baron-Cohen, S., Bethlehem, R.A.I., 2023. Brain-charting autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology. medRxiv 2023.12.06.23299587. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.12.06.23299587.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.06.23299587"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.02.012","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and symptom severity among offspring with first-episode nonaffective psychosis","volume":"164","author":"Bernardini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.238","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development, autistic traits and ADHD symptoms: a multicenter study in Spain","volume":"81","author":"Boucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03071-7","article-title":"Association of breastfeeding with mental disorders in mother and child: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Bugaeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14156-4","article-title":"A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants","volume":"11","author":"Burgess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05022-z","article-title":"Feeding practice during infancy is associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based study in South Korea","volume":"182","author":"Cha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02228-3","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of ADHD from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries: data, with critical re-analysis, from the global burden of disease study","volume":"28","author":"Cortese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0065","article-title":"Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians","volume":"362","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01285-8","article-title":"Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains","volume":"55","author":"Demontis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1114-8","article-title":"The role of prenatal, obstetric and neonatal factors in the development of autism","volume":"41","author":"Dodds","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-015-9300-2","article-title":"A comparison of structural brain imaging findings in autism Spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"26","author":"Dougherty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02780-3","article-title":"Circulating levels of micronutrients and risk of infections: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"21","author":"Flatby","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716003172","article-title":"Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"47","author":"Gage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01009-8","article-title":"The effects of polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders and smoking behaviour on psychotic experiences in UK biobank","volume":"10","author":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0100","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Diseases and injuries collaborators, 2020. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0105","first-page":"344","article-title":"Nervous system disorders collaborators, 2024. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"23","author":"GBD","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0250","article-title":"Child and adolescent health from 1990 to 2015: findings from the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 2015 study","volume":"171","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0115","unstructured":"Global nutrition targets 2025: breastfeeding policy brief [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-NMH-NHD-14.7 (accessed 8.1.24)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113278","article-title":"Breastfeeding for 3 months or longer but not probiotics is Associated with reduced risk for inattention\/hyperactivity and conduct problems in very-low-birth-weight children at early primary school age","volume":"12","author":"H\u00e4rtel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3191","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of schizophrenia: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"74","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717696766","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD: results from a systematic review and Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemani, G., Zheng, J., Elsworth, B., Wade, K.H., Haberland, V., Baird, D., Laurin, C., Burgess, S., Bowden, J., Langdon, R., Tan, V.Y., Yarmolinsky, J., Shihab, H.A., Timpson, N.J., Evans, D.M., Relton, C., Martin, R.M., Smith, G.D., Gaunt, T.R., Haycock, P.C., 2018. The MR-base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. eLife 7, e34408. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.34408.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010045","article-title":"Association of Breastfeeding for the first six months of life and autism Spectrum disorders: a National Multi-Center Study in China","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0145","unstructured":"Infant and young child feeding [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infant-and-young-child-feeding (accessed 8.1.24)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02451-5","article-title":"Prenatal maternal stress, breastfeeding and offspring ADHD symptoms","author":"Jallow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.01872","article-title":"Not breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Jenabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.052","article-title":"Atypical depression and non-atypical depression: is HPA axis function a biomarker? A systematic review","volume":"233","author":"Juruena","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2023.0006","article-title":"Alterations of functional connectivity in autism and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder revealed by multi-voxel pattern analysis","volume":"13","author":"Karavallil Achuthan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx177","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure disrupts infant neural markers of orienting","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiser, D.P., Rivero, O., Lesch, K.-P., 2015. Annual research review: The (epi)genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders in the era of whole-genome sequencing--unveiling the dark matter. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 56, 278\u2013295. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12392.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12392"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612983","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying NMDARs dysfunction and their role in ADHD pathogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Ku\u015b","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30223-7","article-title":"National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Lange","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.10931","article-title":"Association of Prenatal, early postnatal, or current exposure to secondhand smoke with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009922","article-title":"Combining the strengths of inverse-variance weighting and egger regression in Mendelian randomization using a mixture of regressions model","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.102592","article-title":"The association between breastfeeding and attachment: a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Linde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8956-6","article-title":"The physiology of BDNF and its relationship with ADHD","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050279","article-title":"Review of infant feeding: key features of breast Milk and infant formula","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0257-4","article-title":"The impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on depressive and anxiety behaviors in children: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Moylan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.137","article-title":"How cigarette smoking may increase the risk of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders: a critical review of biological pathways","volume":"3","author":"Moylan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15060800","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure and risk of schizophrenia among offspring in a National Birth Cohort","volume":"173","author":"Niemel\u00e4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt334","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of miscarriage and maternal exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy","volume":"179","author":"Pineles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prins, B.P., Abbasi, A., Wong, A., Vaez, A., Nolte, I., Franceschini, N., Stuart, P.E., Guterriez Achury, J., Mistry, V., Bradfield, J.P., Valdes, A.M., Bras, J., Shatunov, A., PAGE Consortium, International Stroke Genetics Consortium, Systemic Sclerosis consortium, Treat OA consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium, ALS consortium, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, Autism Spectrum Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, CKDGen consortium, GERAD1 Consortium, International Consortium for Blood Pressure, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Inflammation Working Group of the CHARGE Consortium, Lu, C., Han, B., Raychaudhuri, S., Bevan, S., Mayes, M.D., Tsoi, L.C., Evangelou, E., Nair, R.P., Grant, S.F.A., Polychronakos, C., Radstake, T.R.D., van Heel, D.A., Dunstan, M.L., Wood, N.W., Al-Chalabi, A., Dehghan, A., Hakonarson, H., Markus, H.S., Elder, J.T., Knight, J., Arking, D.E., Spector, T.D., Koeleman, B.P.C., van Duijn, C.M., Martin, J., Morris, A.P., Weersma, R.K., Wijmenga, C., Munroe, P.B., Perry, J.R.B., Pouget, J.G., Jamshidi, Y., Snieder, H., Alizadeh, B.Z., 2016. Investigating the causal relationship of C-reactive protein with 32 complex somatic and psychiatric outcomes: a large-scale cross-consortium Mendelian randomization study. PLoS Med. 13, e1001976. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001976.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0456","article-title":"Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring","volume":"74","author":"Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu739","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and offspring DNA methylation across the lifecourse: findings from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC)","volume":"24","author":"Richmond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101759","article-title":"Prevalence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Autism Spectr. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5190","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909184107","article-title":"Kinetics of brain nicotine accumulation in dependent and nondependent smokers assessed with PET and cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine","volume":"107","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad022","article-title":"Proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization study of the association between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and offspring mental health","volume":"52","author":"Sallis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","article-title":"Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci","volume":"511","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0270","unstructured":"Smoking During Pregnancy Associated with Increased Risk of Schizophrenia [WWW Document], 2016.Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. URL https:\/\/www.publichealth.columbia.edu\/news\/smoking-during-pregnancy-associated-increased-risk-schizophrenia (accessed 8.1.24)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01630-7","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of autism spectrum disorder from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0397-8","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder","volume":"51","author":"Stahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.05.017","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant stress response: test of a prenatal programming hypothesis","volume":"48","author":"Stroud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0290","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Bioactive components of human Milk and their impact on Child\u2019s health and development","volume":"16","author":"Szyller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Literature Review. Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12121500","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and bipolar disorder in offspring","volume":"170","author":"Talati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00238-X","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"387","author":"Thapar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0305","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nicotine addiction: neurobiology and mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Tiwari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1388598","article-title":"Maternal breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Tseng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1182-4","article-title":"Maternal breastfeeding and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Tseng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5487","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065487","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism Spectrum disorder","volume":"24","author":"Usui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01024-7","article-title":"Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect","volume":"387","author":"Victora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03006-7","article-title":"The association of early life factors with depression and anxiety in adults aged 40-69 years: a population-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103927","article-title":"In utero exposures, infant growth, and DNA methylation of repetitive elements and developmentally related genes in human placenta","volume":"120","author":"Wilhelm-Benartzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wray, N.R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M.J., Agerbo, E., Air, T.M., Andlauer, T.M.F., Bacanu, S.-A., B\u00e6kvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A.F.T., Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, D.R.H., Bryois, J., Buttensch\u00f8n, H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J.H., Clarke, T.-K., Coleman, J.I.R., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G.E., Crowley, C.A., Dashti, H.S., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Eriksson, N., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F.H.F., Finucane, H.K., Forstner, A.J., Frank, J., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Giusti-Rodr\u00edguez, P., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Grove, J., Hall, L.S., Hannon, E., Hansen, C.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.-J., Hougaard, D.M., Hu, M., Hyde, C.L., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jin, F., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W.W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Lane, J.M., Li, Yihan, Li, Yun, Lind, P.A., Liu, X., Lu, L., MacIntyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mill, J., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., O'Reilly, P.F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Purcell, S.M., Quiroz, J.A., Qvist, P., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Saeed Mirza, S., Saxena, R., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shi, J., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G.B.C., Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Stockmeier, C.A., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Tian, C., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Van der Auwera, S., van Hemert, A.M., Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S.H., Wu, Y., Xi, H.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., EQTLGen, 23andMe, Arolt, V., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E.C.J., DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Hayward, C., Heath, A.C., Hinds, D.A., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, P.F.A., Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., McIntosh, A.M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., M\u00fcller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., N\u00f6then, M.M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., V\u00f6lzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Werge, T., Winslow, A.R., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Breen, G., B\u00f8rglum, A.D., Sullivan, P.F., Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 2018. Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression. Nat. Genet. 50, 668\u2013681. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa069","article-title":"Application and interpretation of Mendelian randomization approaches in exploring the causality between folate and coronary artery disease","volume":"111","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx034","article-title":"MendelianRandomization: an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data","volume":"46","author":"Yavorska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10119-8","article-title":"An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"268","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111516","article-title":"The role of maternal immune activation in the pathogenesis of autism: a review of the evidence, proposed mechanisms and implications for treatment","volume":"22","author":"Zawadzka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2018.1560905","article-title":"Association between the different duration of breastfeeding and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-023-00580-2","article-title":"Infant feeding practices and autism spectrum disorder in US children aged 2-5 years: the national survey of children\u2019s health (NSCH) 2016-2020","volume":"18","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032724020639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032724020639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T09:59:15Z","timestamp":1738490355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032724020639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0165032724020639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unraveling the causal pathways of maternal smoking and breastfeeding in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.075","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}