{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:09:39Z","timestamp":1787508579897,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030313989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030313989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515011431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1515011403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T14:51:49Z","timestamp":1742223109000},"page":"755-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neurobiological differences in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: A study of the glutamatergic system based on functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"379","author":[{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cigui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huirong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01130-2","article-title":"The prefrontal cortex and OCD","volume":"47","author":"Ahmari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666171222163645","article-title":"A systematic review of evidence-based treatment strategies for obsessive- compulsive disorder resistant to first-line pharmacotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Albert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1567","article-title":"Inflammation in the Neurocircuitry of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"74","author":"Attwells","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.06.005","article-title":"Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control","volume":"108","author":"Bari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0025","article-title":"Lower ventromedial prefrontal cortex glutamate levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Batistuzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.10.008","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: the importance of considering subclinical symptoms of anxiety and depression","volume":"192","author":"B\u00e9dard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38695-z","article-title":"Cortical glutamate and GABA are related to compulsive behaviour in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and healthy controls","volume":"14","author":"Biria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0040","series-title":"Vivo Brain GSH: MRS Methods and Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel)","volume":"10(9)","author":"Bottino","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.10.040","article-title":"Distributions of transmitter receptors in the macaque cingulate cortex","volume":"25","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.36","article-title":"An examination of rostral anterior cingulate cortex function and neurochemistry in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"40","author":"Brennan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0055","first-page":"116","article-title":"Lower posterior cingulate cortex glutathione levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"1","author":"Brennan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180426151746","article-title":"Diagnostic issues in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder and their treatment implications","volume":"17","author":"Burchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14653","article-title":"The promise of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Carollo","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192215","article-title":"Patterns of myelination in the opossum superior colliculus with additional reference to the optic tract","volume":"183","author":"Cavalcante","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2015.1102323","article-title":"Executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An activation likelihood estimate meta-analysis of fMRI studies","volume":"17","author":"Del Casale","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0302-7","article-title":"Behavioral and synaptic alterations relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder in mice with increased EAAT3 expression","volume":"44","author":"Delgado-Acevedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003253","article-title":"Admixture analysis of age at onset in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"35","author":"Delorme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.7.778","article-title":"Association testing of the positional and functional candidate gene SLC1A1\/EAAC1 in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"63","author":"Dickel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0930","article-title":"Neuroscientifically informed formulation and treatment planning for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review","volume":"75","author":"Dougherty","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.01.005","article-title":"Glutathione relates to neuropsychological functioning in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"10","author":"Duffy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03030-1","article-title":"Glutathione in brain: overview of its conformations, functions, biochemical characteristics, quantitation and potential therapeutic role in brain disorders","volume":"45","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01362","article-title":"The neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3 in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Escobar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0729-7","article-title":"Can neuroimaging provide reliable biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder?","volume":"18","author":"Frydman","year":"2016","journal-title":"A Narrative Review. Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104868","article-title":"Psychopathy and response inhibition: a meta-analysis of go\/no-go and stop signal task performance","volume":"142","author":"Gillespie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-013-0427-y","article-title":"Neurochemicals measured by (1)H-MR spectroscopy: putative vulnerability biomarkers for obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"27","author":"Gnanavel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.01.056","article-title":"Neural substrates of the interaction of emotional stimulus processing and motor inhibitory control: an emotional linguistic go\/no-go fMRI study","volume":"36","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0135","article-title":"New horizons for obsessive-compulsive disorder drug discovery: is targeting glutamate receptors the answer?","volume":"1-11","author":"Grassi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00113-6","article-title":"Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Graybiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.12.010","article-title":"Presupplementary motor area contributes to altered error monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"80","author":"Gr\u00fctzmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0150","first-page":"155","article-title":"Neural correlates of cognitive inflexibility during task-switching in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"131","author":"Gu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0155","article-title":"Glutamine-glutamate cycle flux is similar in cultured astrocytes and brain and both glutamate production and oxidation are mainly catalyzed by aspartate aminotransferase","volume":"6","author":"Hertz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102622","article-title":"Developmental changes in fronto-striatal glutamate and their association with functioning during inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Hollestein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"7068","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04250","article-title":"Glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulate anxiety in mice","volume":"438","author":"Hovatta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290000225X","article-title":"A review of the treatment for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: from medicine to deep brain stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Husted","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0175","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging during planning before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"49","author":"Huyser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1359","article-title":"Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4382","article-title":"Value, search, persistence and model updating in anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"19","author":"Kolling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2023.111721","article-title":"Glutamatergic abnormalities in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a controlled study","volume":"335","author":"Kosov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/105130","article-title":"Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRD)","volume":"53","author":"Krzyszkowiak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Pol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1057-0","article-title":"Neurotransmitter changes during interference task in anterior cingulate cortex: evidence from fMRI-guided functional MRS at 3 T","volume":"221","author":"Kuhn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24970","article-title":"Reliability of 7T (1) H-MRS measured human prefrontal cortex glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione signals using an adapted echo time optimized PRESS sequence: a between- and within-sessions investigation","volume":"43","author":"Lally","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2160-1","article-title":"Investigation of anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0215","article-title":"Counteracting effects of glutathione on the glutamate-driven excitation\/inhibition imbalance in first-episode schizophrenia: a 7T MRS and dynamic causal modeling study","volume":"10","author":"Limongi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000732","article-title":"Obsessive compulsive disorder and response inhibition: Meta-analysis of the stop-signal task","volume":"131","author":"Mar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.11.010","article-title":"Error processing and inhibitory control in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a Meta-analysis using statistical parametric maps","volume":"85","author":"Norman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.11.007","article-title":"1H-MRS of the anterior cingulate cortex in childhood and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study","volume":"25","author":"Ortiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0235","article-title":"Cortical gyrification differences between early- and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: neurobiological evidence for neurodevelopmentally distinct subtypes","volume":"1-10","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.2.244","article-title":"[18F]FDG PET study in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A clinical\/metabolic correlation study after treatment","volume":"166","author":"Perani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.08.001","article-title":"Neural correlates of affective and non-affective cognition in obsessive compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of functional imaging studies","volume":"46","author":"Rasgon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000514","article-title":"Modulation of error monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder by individually tailored symptom provocation","volume":"47","author":"Roh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01945-2","article-title":"The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory","volume":"224","author":"Rolls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200009000-00008","article-title":"Decrease in caudate glutamatergic concentrations in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder patients taking paroxetine","volume":"39","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000132812.44664.2d","article-title":"Reduced anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations in childhood OCD and major depression versus healthy controls","volume":"43","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817885116","article-title":"The glutathione cycle shapes synaptic glutamate activity","volume":"116","author":"Sedlak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.132","article-title":"Investigation of cortical glutamate-glutamine and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in obsessive-compulsive disorder by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"37","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614534210","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with broad impairments in executive function: a meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Snyder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00076","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy: the \u201cnew\u201d MRS for cognitive neuroscience and psychiatry research","volume":"9","author":"Stanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0102-3","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.06.007","article-title":"Early versus late onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for distinct subtypes","volume":"31","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"7156","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06104","article-title":"Cortico-striatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice","volume":"448","author":"Welch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27742","article-title":"Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: review and recommendations","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00066","article-title":"Working memory modulates glutamate levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during (1)H fMRS","volume":"9","author":"Woodcock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.11.017","article-title":"Pharmacological stress impairs working memory performance and attenuates dorsolateral prefrontal cortex glutamate modulation","volume":"186","author":"Woodcock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802050546","article-title":"Anterior cingulate glutamate-glutamine levels predict symptom severity in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"42","author":"Y\u00fccel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.059","article-title":"Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate of comorbid skin-picking disorder in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder [research paper]","volume":"265","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701736114","article-title":"OCD candidate gene SLC1A1\/EAAT3 impacts basal ganglia-mediated activity and stereotypic behavior","volume":"114","author":"Zike","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725004343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725004343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:28:57Z","timestamp":1777782537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725004343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0165032725004343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurobiological differences in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: A study of the glutamatergic system based on functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.088","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}