{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:28:55Z","timestamp":1793143735119,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022500","name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T11:48:33Z","timestamp":1745581713000},"page":"480-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bidirectional relationship between gaming disorder, internalizing psychopathology, psychological distress, and well-being: A systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"383","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-4351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Amendola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jael","family":"Bernath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Presaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2014.963549","article-title":"Interpreting effect sizes when controlling for stability effects in longitudinal autoregressive models: implications for psychological science","volume":"12","author":"Adachi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9873-0","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder behaviors in emergent adulthood: a pilot study examining the interplay between anxiety and family cohesion","volume":"17","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inte. J. Mental Health Addict."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.5243\/jsswr.2013.24","article-title":"The synthesis of partial effect sizes","volume":"4","author":"Aloe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Soc. Soc. Work Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12664","article-title":"The relationship between maladaptive personality functioning and problematic technology use in adolescence: a cluster analysis approach","volume":"61","author":"Amendola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0025","article-title":"Bidirectional Relationship Between Gaming Disorder, Internalizing Psychopathology, Psychological Distress, and Well-being: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies [dataset]","author":"Amendola","year":"2024","journal-title":"OSF"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312766","article-title":"Associations between risk factors in late adolescence and problem behaviors in young adulthood: a six-year follow-up of substance related and behavioral addictions in Swedish high school seniors","volume":"18","author":"Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000226","article-title":"Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: a meta-analysis","volume":"146","author":"Anglim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00053","article-title":"Gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"B\u00e4cklund","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107140","article-title":"\u201cClinically significant distress\u201d in internet gaming disorder: an individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Ballou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.08.16","article-title":"How game addiction rates and related psychosocial risk factors change within 2-years: a follow-up study","volume":"15","author":"Baysak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00336","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder in adolescents with psychiatric disorder: two case reports using a developmental framework","volume":"10","author":"Benarous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0060","first-page":"73","article-title":"Usage probl\u00e9matique des jeux vid\u00e9o: Deux cas cliniques","volume":"18","author":"Bonnaire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychotropes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.27","article-title":"Why and how to include parents in the treatment of adolescents presenting internet gaming disorder?","volume":"8","author":"Bonnaire","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","article-title":"The interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Brand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.002","article-title":"Is video gaming, or video game addiction, associated with depression, academic achievement, heavy episodic drinking, or conduct problems?","volume":"3","author":"Brunborg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"10347","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00847-9","article-title":"Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020","volume":"400","author":"Bryazka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9806-3","article-title":"Depression, internet gaming disorder, and the moderating effect of the gamer-avatar relationship: an exploratory longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Burleigh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Heal. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0090","first-page":"277","article-title":"Psychopathological issues of technological addiction: new diagnostic criteria for addiction","volume":"144","author":"Caretti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0095","series-title":"Le dipendenze patologiche. Clinica e psicopatologia","first-page":"11","article-title":"Psicodinamica delle dipendenze","author":"Caretti","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2022.2040450","article-title":"Analysis of global prevalence of mental and substance use disorders within countries: focus on sociodemographic characteristics and income levels","volume":"34","author":"Castaldelli-Maia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.858482","article-title":"Reciprocal relationships between problematic social media use, problematic gaming, and psychological distress among university students: a 9-month longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0110","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0115","series-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","first-page":"xxviii","author":"Cohen","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3917\/psyt.122.91","article-title":"Conduites \u00e0 risque et de d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'adolescence: La force et le sens","volume":"12","author":"Corcos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychotropes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000939","article-title":"Pathological video game symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: a 6-year longitudinal study of trajectories, predictors, and outcomes","volume":"56","author":"Coyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152762","article-title":"The predictive value of emotional intelligence for internet gaming disorder: a 1-year longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Dang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000041","article-title":"Optimal time lags in panel studies","volume":"20","author":"Dormann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0140","author":"Doucouliagos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0145","article-title":"Pathological gaming: a longitudinal study from the perspectives of mental health problems and social stress model","author":"Ferguson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00911","article-title":"Evaluating an internet gaming disorder scale using Mokken scaling analysis","volume":"10","author":"Finser\u00e5s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156542","article-title":"A psychoanalytic approach to internet gaming disorder","volume":"20","author":"Floros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.710667","article-title":"Parenting styles, depressive symptoms, and problematic online game use in adolescents: a developmental cascades model","volume":"9","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0165","article-title":"Reconsidering depression and internet gaming disorder from positive youth development perspective: a longitudinal study in chinese adolescents","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol. J. Diverse Perspect. Diverse Psychol. Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.049","article-title":"The prevalence and possible risk factors of internet gaming disorder among adolescents and young adults: systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"154","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106128","article-title":"The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the world mental health surveys","volume":"102","author":"Glantz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107086","article-title":"Subtyping treatment-seeking gaming disorder patients","volume":"123","author":"Granero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000265","article-title":"The link between self-esteem and social relationships: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"119","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0195","article-title":"Which is more stable and specific, DSM-5 internet gaming disorder or ICD-11 gaming disorder? - a longitudinal study","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0200","series-title":"Methods of Meta-analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings","author":"Hunter","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6162","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1126\/science.342.6162.1035","article-title":"China\u2019s publication bazaar","volume":"342","author":"Hvistendahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13289","article-title":"The co-occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: prospective relations or common causes?","volume":"61","author":"Hygen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000111","article-title":"Anxiety and depression as bidirectional risk factors for one another: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"143","author":"Jacobson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0220","series-title":"Manuale di psicopatologia dell'adolescenza","first-page":"375","article-title":"Aspetti psicopatologici della tossicomania nell'adolescenza","author":"Jeammet","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.74","article-title":"Reciprocal relationship between depression and internet gaming disorder in children: a 12-month follow-up of the iCURE study using cross-lagged path analysis","volume":"8","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211025703","article-title":"Risk and protective factors of internet gaming disorder among Chinese people: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912491","article-title":"Escapism and excessive online behaviors: a three-wave longitudinal study in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"19","author":"Jouhki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12413","article-title":"Conceptualizing internet use disorders: addiction or coping process?","volume":"71","author":"Kardefelt-Winther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229709030550","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications","volume":"4","author":"Khantzian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00234.x","article-title":"Reflections on treating addictive disorders: a psychodynamic perspective","volume":"21","author":"Khantzian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000059","article-title":"Is low positive emotionality a specific risk factor for depression? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"142","author":"Khazanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2016.13.1.58","article-title":"Characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of internet gaming disorder among adults using self-reported DSM-5 criteria","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107183","article-title":"Prevalence of gaming disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00059","article-title":"Heterogeneity of gaming disorder: a clinically-based typology for developing personalized interventions","volume":"12","author":"Ko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1464","article-title":"Social status and modern-type depression: a review","volume":"9","author":"Komori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.12.015","article-title":"Coping with social physique anxiety in adolescence","volume":"39","author":"Kowalski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health Off. Publ. Soc. Adolesc. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/shb.shb_81_20","article-title":"The effects of internet gaming and social media use on physical activity, sleep, quality of life, and academic performance among university students in Hong Kong: a preliminary study","volume":"4","author":"Kwok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Soc. Health Behav."},{"issue":"9976","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60700-0","article-title":"China\u2019s medical research integrity questioned","volume":"385","author":"Lancet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.07.015","article-title":"Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming","volume":"27","author":"Lemmens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00050","article-title":"Prevalence of gaming disorder in East Asia: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041771","article-title":"Coping, resilience, and perceived stress in individuals with internet gaming disorder in Taiwan","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.06.008","article-title":"Longitudinal predictors for incidence of internet gaming disorder among adolescents: the roles of time spent on gaming and depressive symptoms","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025948","article-title":"Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: a meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Luhmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026595011371","article-title":"Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect","volume":"1","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000719","article-title":"Loneliness and social anxiety across childhood and adolescence: multilevel meta-analyses of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations","volume":"55","author":"Maes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317740414","article-title":"Problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0996-9","article-title":"Stressful life events during adolescence and risk for externalizing and internalizing psychopathology: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"March-Llanes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00649","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between self-reported gaming disorder and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a sample of young Swiss men","volume":"9","author":"Marmet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111638","article-title":"Individual and interpersonal factors associated with the incidence, persistence, and remission of internet gaming disorders symptoms in an adolescents sample","volume":"18","author":"Marrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1024\/0939-5911.a000247","article-title":"Predictors of problematic video game usage in childhood and adolescence","volume":"59","author":"M\u00f6\u00dfle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sucht: Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Wissenschaft Und Praxis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00073-2","article-title":"Dual diagnosis: a review of etiological theories","volume":"23","author":"Mueser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00091","article-title":"The impact of life satisfaction in the treatment of gaming disorder and other internet use disorders: results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0365","author":"National Institutes of Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0370","article-title":"China cracks down after investigation finds massive peer-review fraud","author":"Normile","year":"2017","journal-title":"ScienceInsider"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0375","article-title":"Gaming in the military: a longitudinal study of changes in gaming behavior among conscripts during military service and associated risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Olsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000499","article-title":"Effect size guidelines for cross-lagged effects","volume":"29","author":"Orth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.02.014","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and depression in individuals with internet gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"284","author":"Ostinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0390","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"n160","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.55","article-title":"Normative, passionate, or problematic? Identification of adolescent gamer subtypes over time","volume":"8","author":"Peeters","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0400","author":"R Core Team"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0405","first-page":"274","article-title":"Examining the temporal associations between depression and pathological gaming","volume":"53","author":"Rapinda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Behav. Sci.\/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.07.009","article-title":"Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"34","author":"Reijntjes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00339-3","article-title":"Gaming disorder across the lifespan: a scoping review of longitudinal studies","volume":"7","author":"Richard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107096","article-title":"An empirical investigation of the externalizing and internalizing pathways to disordered gaming behavior: a longitudinal study across childhood and adolescence","volume":"128","author":"Richard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0425","article-title":"COVID-19, loneliness and technological addiction: longitudinal data","volume":"47","author":"Rogier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gambling Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107590","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder: a meta-analysis of pre-COVID studies","volume":"139","author":"Ropovik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1979.tb02713.x","article-title":"A note on percent variance explained as a measure of the importance of effects","volume":"9","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3917\/psyt.182.0033","article-title":"La racontouze des avatars. Les joueurs probl\u00e9matiques de jeux en r\u00e9seau","volume":"18","author":"Ross\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychotropes"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0445","first-page":"41","article-title":"Usages probl\u00e9matiques de jeux vid\u00e9o: L'\u00e2me et le corps substitu\u00e9s","volume":"23","author":"Ross\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychotropes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0450","article-title":"Need fulfilment and internet gaming disorder: a preliminary integrative model","volume":"9","author":"Scerri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12662","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns of problematic computer game use among adolescents and adults\u2014a 2-year panel study","volume":"109","author":"Scharkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_824_23","article-title":"Global epidemiology of cannabis use disorders and its trend from 1990 to 2019: benchmarking analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Family Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0465","article-title":"Associations between internet addiction and gender, anxiety, coping styles and acceptance in university freshmen in South China","volume":"12","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00002","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma and internet gaming disorder among college students: a structural equation model","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107129","article-title":"Online media consumption and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.4.422","article-title":"Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Shrout","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-024-02094-4","article-title":"Age-dependent relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms in Korean adolescents: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"54","author":"Son","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028931","article-title":"Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"139","author":"Sowislo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420962851","article-title":"Global prevalence of gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.09.020","article-title":"Cyber addictions: toward a psychosocial perspective","volume":"43","author":"Suissa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106530","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder and psychosocial well-being: a longitudinal study of older-aged adolescents and emerging adults","volume":"110","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00016","article-title":"Depression and anxiety symptoms associated with internet gaming disorder before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.05","article-title":"The role of family and personality traits in internet gaming disorder: a mediation model combining cognitive and attachment perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Throuvala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0520","article-title":"Need frustration, gaming motives, and internet gaming disorder in mobile multiplayer online bBattle arena (MOBA) games: through the Lens of self-determination theory","volume":"1\u201321","author":"T\u2019ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mental Health Addict."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988319825922","article-title":"Male nursing students\u2019 social appearance anxiety and their coping attitudes","volume":"13","author":"Turan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Mens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107256","article-title":"Reciprocal associations between shyness, depression, and internet gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: a cross-lagged panel study","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0540","article-title":"A longitudinal study on psychosocial causes and consequences of internet gaming disorder in adolescence","author":"Wartberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.081","article-title":"Delay discounting, risk-taking, and rejection sensitivity among individuals with internet and video gaming disorders","volume":"5","author":"Weinstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3838","article-title":"A prospective study of the motivational and health dynamics of internet gaming disorder","volume":"5","author":"Weinstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0555","article-title":"80% of China's clinical trial data are fraudulent, investigation finds","volume":"355","author":"Woodhead","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01770.x","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with internet addiction: comparison with substance use","volume":"62","author":"Yen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106648","article-title":"The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: a three-wave mediation model","volume":"112","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000437","article-title":"The relationship between adult attachment and mental health: a meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106128","article-title":"Developmental pathways from parental rejection to adolescent internet gaming disorder: a parallel process latent growth model","volume":"128","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00017","article-title":"Longitudinal modifiable risk and protective factors of internet gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725006834?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725006834?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:21:12Z","timestamp":1778300472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725006834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["S0165032725006834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31219\/osf.io\/e486x_v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bidirectional relationship between gaming disorder, internalizing psychopathology, psychological distress, and well-being: A systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}