{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:20:09Z","timestamp":1791238809535,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T12:54:09Z","timestamp":1746795249000},"page":"119386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with graves' disease: A nationwide population-based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"385","author":[{"given":"Ju-Yeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minha","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2033-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seo Young","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"14","author":"Antonelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000963","article-title":"Thyroid hormones, serotonin and mood: of synergy and significance in the adult brain","volume":"7","author":"Bauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01774.x","article-title":"The thyroid-brain interaction in thyroid disorders and mood disorders","volume":"20","author":"Bauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236089","article-title":"Graves' disease presenting with hypomania and paranoia to the acute psychiatry service","volume":"14","author":"Bennett","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344003","article-title":"Action of thyroid hormone in brain","volume":"25","author":"Bernal","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000365211","article-title":"Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in patients with graves' disease than in patients with nodular goitre","volume":"3","author":"Bove","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0708","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and psychiatric morbidity: evidence from a Danish nationwide register study","volume":"170","author":"Brandt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02080.x","article-title":"Thyroid function abnormalities and cognitive impairment in elderly people: results of the Invecchiare in chianti study","volume":"57","author":"Ceresini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2023.102","article-title":"Big data research in the field of endocrine diseases using the Korean National Health Information Database","volume":"38","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_474_22","article-title":"Impact of hyperthyroidism and its treatment on the outcome of mental health, occupational functioning, and quality of life: a naturalistic, prospective study","volume":"65","author":"Chopra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1070","article-title":"Antithyroid drug treatment in graves\u2019 disease","volume":"36","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.012","article-title":"Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development","volume":"18","author":"de Escobar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.013","article-title":"The activation of monocyte and T cell networks in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"25","author":"Drexhage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01250.x","article-title":"An association between depression, anxiety and thyroid function--a clinical fact or an artefact?","volume":"106","author":"Engum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00050-5","article-title":"Long-term residual complaints and psychosocial sequelae after remission of hyperthyroidism","volume":"25","author":"Fahrenfort","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.491126","article-title":"Diagnosis of co-morbid axis-I psychiatric disorders among women with newly diagnosed, untreated endocrine disorders","volume":"11","author":"Fornaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-01034-z","article-title":"Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"38","author":"Freuer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032304","article-title":"Significant association of estrogen receptor binding site variation with bipolar disorder in females","volume":"7","author":"Graae","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.516.1357","article-title":"Schizophrenia-like psychosis in thyroid crisis","volume":"114","author":"Greer","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10391","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.19.10391","article-title":"The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed primarily in glial cells in the neonatal rat brain","volume":"94","author":"Guadano-Ferraz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/590648","article-title":"The link between thyroid function and depression","volume":"2012","author":"Hage","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thyroid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0247","article-title":"Psychiatric complications in graves\u2019 disease","volume":"13","author":"Holmberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04255-y","article-title":"Prevalence and economic burden of autism Spectrum disorder in South Korea using National Health Insurance Data from 2008 to 2015","volume":"50","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054719864632","article-title":"Economic burden and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0125","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and risk for bipolar disorders: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0130","first-page":"80","article-title":"Diagnostic distribution of psychiatric disorders among Korean young adults","volume":"31","author":"Hwangbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.951","article-title":"The thyroid axis and depression","volume":"8","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0040","article-title":"The relationship between mental fatigue, depression, and cognition in graves\u2019 disease","volume":"12","author":"Johansson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2022.0193","article-title":"Current trends of big data research using the Korean National Health Information Database","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.035","article-title":"Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with overt hyperthyroidism","volume":"234","author":"Krysiak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2018.33.2.260","article-title":"Prevalence and annual incidence of thyroid disease in Korea from 2006 to 2015: a Nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-825925","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in different thyroid function states","volume":"36","author":"Larisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0165","article-title":"Cohort profile: the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2024.0178","article-title":"Cancer risks of patients with graves\u2019 disease who received Antithyroid drugs as initial treatment: a Nationwide population-based analysis","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30421-1","article-title":"Association between mental illness and COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19052","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism: a review","volume":"330","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2016.40.1.79","article-title":"Data analytic process of a nationwide population-based study using National Health Information Database established by National Health Insurance Service","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0190","first-page":"69","article-title":"Management of thyrotoxic crisis","volume":"9","author":"Migneco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0195","first-page":"94","article-title":"The role of thyroid hormones in prenatal and neonatal neurological development: current perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Porterfield","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0200","first-page":"888","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders in a hospital based sample","volume":"138","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.761782","article-title":"Treatment modality and risk of heart failure in patients with long-standing graves\u2019 disease: a Nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.77578","article-title":"Sleep in thyrotoxicosis","volume":"15","author":"Sridhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01894","article-title":"Increased risk of affective disorder following hospitalisation with hyperthyroidism - a register-based study","volume":"152","author":"Thomsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)01426-7","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis function in treatment resistant depression","volume":"43","author":"Vandoolaeghe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725008122?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725008122?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:08:28Z","timestamp":1778670508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725008122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0165032725008122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with graves' disease: A nationwide population-based analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119386","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119386"}}