{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:44:08Z","timestamp":1781664248314,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":261,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["499724048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["499724048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T10:55:19Z","timestamp":1747652119000},"page":"119448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring the link between waking gamma and sleep delta power in healthy volunteers and individuals with treatment-resistant depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"385","author":[{"given":"Mina","family":"Kheirkhah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia S.","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison C.","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Leistritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Wallace C.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0005","first-page":"7410","article-title":"Nonlinear analysis of EEG in major depression with fractal dimensions","volume":"2015","author":"Akar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0010","series-title":"Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: an unmet public health problem","author":"Altevogt","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90019-Y","article-title":"Comparison of the delta EEG in the first and second non-REM periods in depressed adults and normal controls","volume":"41","author":"Armitage","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00178-5","article-title":"Slow-wave activity in NREM sleep: sex and age effects in depressed outpatients and healthy controls","volume":"95","author":"Armitage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.04.027","article-title":"Instantaneous modulation of gamma oscillation frequency by balancing excitation with inhibition","volume":"62","author":"Atallah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.06.007","article-title":"Set and setting: how behavioral state regulates sensory function and plasticity","volume":"106","author":"Aton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0035","first-page":"195","article-title":"A two process model of sleep regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borb\u00e9ly","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hum. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0040","first-page":"205","article-title":"Sleep, sleep deprivation and depression. A hypothesis derived from a model of sleep regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borb\u00e9ly","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hum. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90043-M","article-title":"Current source density analysis of the hippocampal theta rhythm: associated sustained potentials and candidate synaptic generators","volume":"615","author":"Brankack","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","article-title":"Mechanisms of gamma oscillations","volume":"35","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0055","first-page":"319","article-title":"Gamma oscillations in the hippocampus","volume":"25","author":"Colgin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.90","article-title":"A randomized add-on trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant bipolar depression","volume":"67","author":"Diazgranados","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0065","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep","volume":"5","author":"Dijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0070","first-page":"R650","article-title":"Time course of EEG power density during long sleep in humans","volume":"258","author":"Dijk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00177-8","article-title":"Neural plasticity to stress and antidepressant treatment","volume":"46","author":"Duman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145712000545","article-title":"Concomitant BDNF and sleep slow wave changes indicate ketamine-induced plasticity in major depressive disorder","volume":"16","author":"Duncan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01062-9","article-title":"Genetic and clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression using primary care records in two UK cohorts","volume":"26","author":"Fabbri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00231-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and definition of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"53","author":"Fava","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1979.tb02991.x","article-title":"Systematic trends across the night in human sleep cycles","volume":"16","author":"Feinberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0239-y","article-title":"Gamma oscillations as a biomarker for major depression: an emerging topic","volume":"8","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.10.1856","article-title":"Neurobiology of non-REM sleep in depression: further evidence for hypofrontality and thalamic dysregulation","volume":"161","author":"Germain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172856","article-title":"Electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: Gamma power and long-term potentiation","volume":"189","author":"Gilbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb2020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00298.x","article-title":"Pathophysiology of depression: do we have any solid evidence of interest to clinicians?","volume":"9","author":"Hasler","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.01.022","article-title":"The relationship between the HDRS insomnia items and polysomnographic (PSG) measures in individuals with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"148","author":"Hejazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.04.028","article-title":"Sleep delta power, age, and sex effects in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"174","author":"Hejazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.338","article-title":"Course of improvement in depressive symptoms to a single intravenous infusion of ketamine vs add-on riluzole: results from a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2020.05.003","article-title":"Neurobiological biomarkers of response to ketamine","volume":"89","author":"Kadriu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb2015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.01.371","article-title":"Impaired neuroplasticity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with treatment-resistant depression indexed by paired associative stimulation paradigm and a combined TMS-EEG measurements","volume":"16","author":"Kaneko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx043","article-title":"Dissecting gamma frequency activity during human memory processing","volume":"140","author":"Kucewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(86)90122-8","article-title":"Relationship of awakening and delta sleep in depression","volume":"19","author":"Kupfer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810240020004","article-title":"Delta sleep ratio. A biological correlate of early recurrence in unipolar affective disorder","volume":"47","author":"Kupfer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5244","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0480-19.2019","article-title":"Human REM sleep delta waves and the blurring distinction between NREM and REM sleep","volume":"39","author":"Langille","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.020","article-title":"Distinct neuronal oscillatory responses between patients with bipolar and unipolar disorders: a magnetoencephalographic study","volume":"123","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2008.05.021","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on gamma oscillation of waking human EEG","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0155","article-title":"Abnormal early gamma responses to emotional faces differentiate unipolar from bipolar disorder patients","volume":"2014","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.08.022","article-title":"Altered gamma oscillations and beta\u2013gamma coupling in drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder: association with sleep and cognitive disturbance","volume":"316","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0165","article-title":"Sex differences in slow-wave electroencephalographic activity (SWA) in adolescent depression","volume":"4","author":"Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ment. Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0170","series-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-5\u2014research version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, research version; SCID-5-RV)","author":"M.B.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0028-2","article-title":"Ketamine has distinct electrophysiological and behavioral effects in depressed and healthy subjects","volume":"24","author":"Nugent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20172","article-title":"Resting anterior cingulate activity and abnormal responses to errors in subjects with elevated depressive symptoms: a 128-channel study","volume":"27","author":"Pizzagalli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0195","series-title":"A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects","author":"Rechtschaffen","year":"1968"},{"issue":"Suppl. 16","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0200","first-page":"10","article-title":"The definition and meaning of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"62","author":"Sackeim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2003.09.004","article-title":"Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: a hypothesis","volume":"62","author":"Tononi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.05.002","article-title":"Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Tononi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.025","article-title":"Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration","volume":"81","author":"Tononi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0220","article-title":"A review of critical brain oscillations in depression and the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment","volume":"14","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.8.856","article-title":"A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"63","author":"Zarate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725008845?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725008845?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T09:45:56Z","timestamp":1762249556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725008845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0165032725008845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring the link between waking gamma and sleep delta power in healthy volunteers and individuals with treatment-resistant depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119448","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119448"}}