{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:33:08Z","timestamp":1791923588088,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T23:31:43Z","timestamp":1748388703000},"page":"119487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The efficacy of lithium in the treatment of suicidal ideation, behavior and suicide: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"387","author":[{"given":"James Xiaolong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gia Han","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Teopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela T.H.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Rosenblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeho Greg","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi Ka Ying","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maj","family":"Vinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iria","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Mansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105594","article-title":"Risk of suicidal behavior in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis of registry-based studies","volume":"159","author":"Arnone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0010","first-page":"247","article-title":"Decreased risk of suicides and attempts during long-term lithium treatment: a meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Baldessarini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0015","first-page":"153","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.035","article-title":"Clinical correlates of DSM-5 mixed features in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"276","author":"Bartoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1429","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of lithium to augment antidepressant medication in continuation treatment of unipolar major depression","volume":"157","author":"Bauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02109-9","article-title":"All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with bipolar disorder: a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Biazus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0906","article-title":"A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"64","author":"Calabrese","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1351","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression","volume":"162","author":"Calabrese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.04.039","article-title":"Number needed to treat (NNT) for ketamine and esketamine in adults with treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"356","author":"Calder","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3646","article-title":"Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Cipriani","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91244-8","article-title":"Lithium and memory impairment","volume":"1","author":"Coppen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00067-6","article-title":"Suicide mortality in patients on lithium maintenance therapy","volume":"50","author":"Coppen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.128.5.479","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of lithium carbonate and maprotiline in the prophylaxis of the affective disorders","volume":"128","author":"Coppen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91331-6","article-title":"Prophylactic lithium in affective disorders. Controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Coppen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(91)90030-V","article-title":"Does lithium reduce the mortality of recurrent mood disorders?","volume":"23","author":"Coppen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.06.045","article-title":"Comparing suicide completion rates in bipolar I versus bipolar II disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","author":"Dev","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796019000593","article-title":"Prevalence of suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"29","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430120100029","article-title":"Lithium treatment of depressed and nondepressed alcoholics","volume":"262","author":"Dorus","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420963740","article-title":"The association between lithium in drinking water and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis from across 2678 regions containing 113 million people","volume":"55","author":"Eyre-Watt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000155981.83865.ea","article-title":"Double-blind 18-month trial of lithium versus divalproex maintenance treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder","volume":"44","author":"Findling","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.10.003","article-title":"Lithium treatment of bipolar disorder in adults: a systematic review of randomized trials and meta-analyses","volume":"54","author":"Fountoulakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90085-X","article-title":"A 24-month follow-up study of unipolar subjects: a comparison between lithium and fluvoxamine","volume":"32","author":"Franchini","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-731","article-title":"Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: results and lessons of an underpowered randomised clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Girlanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC. Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02916252","article-title":"Lithium vs carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of schizoaffective disorder: a randomised study","volume":"247","author":"Greil","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)01427-9","article-title":"Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders \u2013 a randomised study","volume":"43","author":"Greil","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199702000-00005","article-title":"Gradual discontinuation of lithium augmentation in elderly patients with unipolar depression","volume":"17","author":"Hardy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0206","article-title":"Prophylactic efficacy of lithium versus carbamazepine in treatment-naive bipolar patients","volume":"64","author":"Hartong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60372-X","article-title":"Suicide","volume":"373","author":"Hawton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91222-6","article-title":"Prophylactic lithium in recurrent affective disorders","volume":"1","author":"Hullin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.091041","article-title":"Lithium in drinking water and suicide mortality","volume":"198","author":"Kapusta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.3170","article-title":"Lithium treatment in the prevention of repeat suicide-related outcomes in veterans with major depression or bipolar disorder","volume":"79","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.860","article-title":"Suicide risk in patients treated with lithium","volume":"62","author":"Kessing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.142802","article-title":"Starting lithium prophylaxis early v. late in bipolar disorder","volume":"205","author":"Kessing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.06.016","article-title":"Differential pattern of response in mood symptoms and suicide risk measures in severely ill depressed patients assigned to citalopram with placebo or citalopram combined with lithium: role of lithium levels","volume":"45","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1159\/000054844","article-title":"Differential efficacy of lithium and carbamazepine in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder: results of the MAP study","volume":"42","author":"Kleindienst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20909","article-title":"The critical distinction between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts","volume":"20","author":"Klonsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0803","article-title":"Lithium augmentation compared with phenelzine in treatment-resistant depression in the elderly: an open, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Kok","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)91729-7","article-title":"Prophylactic lithium?","volume":"2","author":"Laurell","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01266.x","article-title":"Adjunctive lithium treatment in the prevention of suicidal behaviour in depressive disorders: a randomised, placebo-controlled, 1-year trial","volume":"118","author":"Lauterbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.057","article-title":"Association between cognitive functioning, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"365","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00836.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine versus lithium as maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder: an open, randomized effectiveness study mimicking clinical practice. The 6th trial of the Danish University Antidepressant Group (DUAG-6)","volume":"12","author":"Licht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0150","first-page":"7","article-title":"Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20060864","article-title":"Improving suicide prevention through evidence-based strategies: a systematic review","volume":"178","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000559","article-title":"Mixed features and mixed states in psychiatry: from calculus to geometry","volume":"22","author":"McIntyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600402","article-title":"Lithium revisited","volume":"46","author":"McIntyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-008-0012-7","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and suicide: research synthesis and clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"McIntyre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatr. Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285291600078X","article-title":"A pragmatic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of mixed features in adults with mood disorders","volume":"21","author":"McIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20081251","article-title":"Synthesizing the evidence for ketamine and esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: an international expert opinion on the available evidence and implementation","volume":"178","author":"McIntyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20997","article-title":"The clinical characterization of the adult patient with bipolar disorder aimed at personalization of management","volume":"21","author":"McIntyre","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.535.621","article-title":"Prophylactic lithium: a double-blind trial in recurrent affective disorders","volume":"116","author":"Melia","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.128","article-title":"Association between naturally occurring lithium in drinking water and suicide rates: systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological studies","volume":"217","author":"Memon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03255.x","article-title":"The effect of long-term lithium treatment on the mortality of patients with manic-depressive and schizoaffective illness","volume":"86","author":"M\u00fcller-Oerlinghausen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01596.x","article-title":"Mortality during initial and during later lithium treatment","volume":"90","author":"M\u00fcller-Oerlinghausen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S204579602200049X","article-title":"Effects of lithium on suicide and suicidal behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"31","author":"Nabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0215","series-title":"Study Quality Assessment Tools","author":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12060751","article-title":"Lithium treatment moderate-dose use study (LiTMUS) for bipolar disorder: a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of optimized personalized treatment with and without lithium","volume":"170","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774509347399","article-title":"Lithium treatment \u2013 moderate dose use study (LiTMUS) for bipolar disorder: rationale and design","volume":"6","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11010163","article-title":"Treatment of suicide attempters with bipolar disorder: a randomized clinical trial comparing lithium and valproate in the prevention of suicidal behavior","volume":"168","author":"Oquendo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0230","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.05.017","article-title":"Open-label prospective trial of risperidone in combination with lithium or divalproex sodium in pediatric mania","volume":"82","author":"Pavuluri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0235","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide reattempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Pemau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2090","first-page":"490","article-title":"The comparative efficacy and safety of carbamazepine versus lithium: a randomized, double-blind 3-year trial in 83 patients","volume":"47","author":"Placidi","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750330035006","article-title":"Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness: report of the veterans administration and national institute of mental health collaborative study group","volume":"28","author":"Prien","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.04200030104017","article-title":"Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of affective episodes: a comparison in recurrent affective illness","volume":"29","author":"Prien","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790220086014","article-title":"Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders: report of the NIMH collaborative study group comparing lithium carbonate, imipramine, and a lithium carbonate\u2013imipramine combination","volume":"41","author":"Prien","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002","article-title":"Effectiveness and medical costs of divalproex versus lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder: results of a naturalistic clinical trial","volume":"86","author":"Revicki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19091000","article-title":"20-year trends in the pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder by psychiatrists in outpatient care settings","volume":"177","author":"Rhee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.605","article-title":"Lithium in the prevention of suicide in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Riblet","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0260","article-title":"Safety intervention for improving functioning in suicidal attempters (STRONG): a secondary prevention study. Study rationale and research protocol","author":"Roberto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Span. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1299","article-title":"Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Sackeim","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415594427","article-title":"Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: part I of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on suicide in bipolar disorder","volume":"49","author":"Schaffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90057-Q","article-title":"The comparative efficacy of carbamazepine low and high serum level and lithium carbonate in the prophylaxis of affective disorders","volume":"28","author":"Simhandl","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12543","article-title":"Lithium and suicide in mood disorders: updated meta-review of the scientific literature","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231166460","article-title":"Estimating the per-protocol effect of lithium on suicidality in a randomized trial of individuals with depression or bipolar disorder","volume":"37","author":"Szmulewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1281","article-title":"Olanzapine versus lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial","volume":"162","author":"Tohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-024-00326-x","article-title":"Prevention of suicidal behavior with lithium treatment in patients with recurrent mood disorders","volume":"12","author":"Tondo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.01.007","article-title":"Risk of suicide attempt repetition after an index attempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"de la Torre-Luque","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.2.180","article-title":"The effect of carbamazepine and lithium on remission from affective illness","volume":"150","author":"Watkins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m06878","article-title":"Continuation of quetiapine versus switching to placebo or lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (Trial 144: a randomized controlled study)","volume":"72","author":"Weisler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb2125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.671","article-title":"Prophylactic therapy with lithium in elderly patients with unipolar major depression","volume":"17","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.04.003","article-title":"Monotherapy vs. combination therapy for post-mania maintenance treatment: a population-based cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Wing\u00e5rd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.12.038","article-title":"The acute antisuicidal effects of single-dose intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine in individuals with major depression and bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13135","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) recommendations for the management of patients with bipolar disorder with mixed presentations","volume":"23","author":"Yatham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725009292?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725009292?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T07:58:49Z","timestamp":1749887929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725009292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0165032725009292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The efficacy of lithium in the treatment of suicidal ideation, behavior and suicide: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119487","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119487"}}