{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:17:26Z","timestamp":1794003446268,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017949","name":"Health Commission of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020SYS03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SYS03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020758","name":"Science and Technology Innovation Group of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202204051001027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202204051001027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014988","name":"Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008549","name":"Shanxi Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M732155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M732155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T17:36:26Z","timestamp":1750613786000},"page":"119747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in children and adolescents with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"389","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Fen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.03.005","article-title":"Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value?","volume":"36","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13681","article-title":"Mean difference, standardized mean difference (SMD), and their use in meta-analysis: as simple as it gets","volume":"81","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.05.003","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging studies in unipolar depression: systematic review and meta-regression analyses","volume":"22","author":"Arnone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.016","article-title":"Indirect evidence of selective glial involvement in glutamate-based mechanisms of mood regulation in depression: meta-analysis of absolute prefrontal neuro-metabolic concentrations","volume":"25","author":"Arnone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00159-6","article-title":"Reduced glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex in depression: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"47","author":"Auer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666160229114755","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in depression","volume":"14","author":"Bansal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2012_007","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its diagnostically important metabolites in the brain","volume":"31","author":"Bitt\u0161ansk\u00fd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.08.009","article-title":"Increased ventricular cerebrospinal fluid lactate in depressed adolescents","volume":"32","author":"Bradley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.06.004","article-title":"Elevated striatal \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in youth with major depressive disorder","volume":"86","author":"Bradley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.3\/jbustillo","article-title":"Use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a critical update","volume":"15","author":"Bustillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.04.099","article-title":"Proton spectroscopy study of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pediatric depressed patients","volume":"384","author":"Caetano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168974","article-title":"Glutamatergic and N-acetylaspartate metabolites in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"23","author":"Chabert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12138","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellar hemisphere neurometabolite changes in depression treatment: a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.176","article-title":"Body mass index and variability in hippocampal volume in youth with major depressive disorder","volume":"282","author":"Chenji","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.545","article-title":"Reduced glial cell density and neuronal size in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder","volume":"58","author":"Cotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.027","article-title":"Decreased prefrontal Myo-inositol in major depressive disorder","volume":"57","author":"Coupland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01340-9","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in pediatric major depression","volume":"52","author":"Farchione","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211050550","article-title":"Relationship between depression, prefrontal creatine and grey matter volume","volume":"35","author":"Faulkner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01041.x","article-title":"Inositol and higher inositol phosphates in neural tissues: homeostasis, metabolism and functional significance","volume":"82","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0732-1","article-title":"Brain regulation of emotional conflict predicts antidepressant treatment response for depression","volume":"3","author":"Fonzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.10.001","article-title":"A pilot study of cortical glutathione in youth with depression","volume":"270","author":"Freed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00454.x","article-title":"Abnormal cellular energy and phospholipid metabolism in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of medication-free individuals with bipolar disorder: an in vivo 1H MRS study","volume":"9","author":"Frey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01806-1","article-title":"Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse","volume":"28","author":"Fries","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.8","article-title":"Childhood stress, serotonin transporter gene and brain structures in major depression","volume":"35","author":"Frodl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06122032","article-title":"Lateralized caudate metabolic abnormalities in adolescent major depressive disorder: a proton MR spectroscopy study","volume":"164","author":"Gabbay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.09.015","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway in adolescent depression: preliminary findings from a proton MR spectroscopy study","volume":"34","author":"Gabbay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.131","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in depressed adolescents: relationship to anhedonia","volume":"69","author":"Gabbay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.187","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex \u03b3-aminobutyric acid deficits in youth with depression","volume":"7","author":"Gabbay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0145","first-page":"293","article-title":"Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: implications for treatment and prevention","volume":"17","author":"Garber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.03.042","article-title":"Imaging central neurochemical alterations in chronic pain with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"520","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26619","article-title":"Edited (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo: methods and metabolites","volume":"77","author":"Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-011-9134-3","article-title":"Toward dysfunctional connectivity: a review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Hulvershorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-020-00494-7","article-title":"Impaired ATP release from brain astrocytes may be a cause of major depression","volume":"36","author":"Illes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.10.064","article-title":"Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampal volumes in depressed youth: the role of comorbidity and age","volume":"190","author":"Jaworska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s5","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.119164","article-title":"Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset","volume":"54","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00482","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ALS","volume":"10","author":"Kalra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0185","first-page":"976","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in psychiatry: potential, pitfalls, and promise","volume":"148","author":"Keshavan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.693","article-title":"A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI-cycle) to psychiatric disorders--focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9090406","article-title":"Creatine for the treatment of depression","volume":"9","author":"Kious","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.07.010","article-title":"Open-label adjunctive creatine for female adolescents with SSRI-resistant major depressive disorder: a 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"135","author":"Kondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2194-3","article-title":"Creatine target engagement with brain bioenergetics: a dose-ranging phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of adolescent females with SSRI-resistant depression","volume":"48","author":"Kondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20801","article-title":"Brain volume abnormalities in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"30","author":"Koolschijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104601009","article-title":"Left medial temporal cytosolic choline in early onset depression","volume":"46","author":"Kusumakar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0792-z","article-title":"Altered anterior cingulate glutamatergic metabolism in depressed adolescents with current suicidal ideation","volume":"10","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa264","article-title":"Fast high-resolution metabolic imaging of acute stroke with 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.738971","article-title":"Meta-analysis of neurochemical changes estimated via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.05.014","article-title":"Region and state specific glutamate downregulation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of (1)H-MRS findings","volume":"36","author":"Luykx","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.129","article-title":"Correlations between facial emotion processing and biochemical abnormalities in untreated adolescent patients with major depressive disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"296","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0245","first-page":"24","article-title":"Choline in pediatric depression","volume":"9","author":"MacMaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mcgill J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.12.022","article-title":"Medial temporal N-acetyl-aspartate in pediatric major depression","volume":"164","author":"MacMaster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12372","article-title":"Correlation between neurochemical metabolism and memory function in adolescent patients with depression: a multi-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"70","author":"Mao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn.0905","article-title":"A meta-analysis examining clinical predictors of hippocampal volume in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"34","author":"McKinnon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200403000-00017","article-title":"Reduced anterior cingulate cortex glutamatergic concentrations in childhood major depression","volume":"43","author":"Mirza","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210020201","article-title":"Increased medial thalamic creatine-phosphocreatine found by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder versus major depression and healthy controls","volume":"21","author":"Mirza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.12.003","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartate in the CNS: from neurodiagnostics to neurobiology","volume":"81","author":"Moffett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4220","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: neurochemistry and treatment effects in affective disorders","volume":"36","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0252-9","article-title":"Glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"24","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.07.008","article-title":"Reduced medial prefrontal N-acetyl-aspartate levels in pediatric major depressive disorder: a multi-voxel in vivo(1)H spectroscopy study","volume":"184","author":"Olvera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418785334","article-title":"Intracellular Ca(2+) release and synaptic plasticity: a tale of many stores","volume":"25","author":"Padamsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60741-8","article-title":"Global patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data","volume":"374","author":"Patton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01269-w","article-title":"Metabolomic changes in animal models of depression: a systematic analysis","volume":"26","author":"Pu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.91903","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in depression","volume":"53","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.11.009","article-title":"Brain choline in major depression: a review of the literature","volume":"271","author":"Riley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2023.111612","article-title":"Associations between N-Acetylaspartate and white matter integrity in individuals with schizophrenia and unaffected relatives","volume":"330","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.03.006","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in subjects with high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis and review","volume":"125","author":"Romeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000132812.44664.2d","article-title":"Reduced anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations in childhood OCD and major depression versus healthy controls","volume":"43","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.007","article-title":"Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate in pediatric major depression: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"58","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01197-x","article-title":"Regional specificity and clinical correlates of cortical GABA alterations in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"47","author":"Rosso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.150","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of N-acetyl aspartate in first depressive episode and chronic major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"355","author":"Saccaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0360","article-title":"Glutamate and GABA homeostasis and neurometabolism in major depressive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Sarawagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0614-z","article-title":"Brain changes in early-onset bipolar and unipolar depressive disorders: a systematic review in children and adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Serafini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101204","article-title":"Brain structural associations with depression in a large early adolescent sample (the ABCD study\u00ae)","volume":"42","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1154","article-title":"The protective effect of cyclosporin A upon N-acetylaspartate and mitochondrial dysfunction following experimental diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Signoretti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0380","article-title":"Effect of ketamine on limbic GABA and glutamate: a human in vivo multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"11","author":"Silberbauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00474-8","article-title":"Increased medial thalamic choline found in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder versus major depression or healthy control subjects: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2008.07.002","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain: review of metabolites and clinical applications","volume":"64","author":"Soares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00942-2","article-title":"Increased orbitofrontal cortex levels of choline in depressed adolescents as detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"48","author":"Steingard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4","article-title":"Depression in adolescence","volume":"379","author":"Thapar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01012-1","article-title":"Depression in young people","volume":"400","author":"Thapar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00181-6","article-title":"Oligodendroglial density in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders: a study from the Stanley neuropathology consortium","volume":"67","author":"Uranova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40464","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.232009","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances GABA transport by modulating the trafficking of GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) from the plasma membrane of rat cortical astrocytes","volume":"286","author":"Vaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102220","article-title":"Metabolite abnormalities in psychosis risk: a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1707","article-title":"Depressed adolescents grown up","volume":"281","author":"Weissman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2024.108609","article-title":"Mechanistic and therapeutic relationships of traumatic brain injury and \u03b3-amino-butyric acid (GABA)","volume":"256","author":"Witkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.020","article-title":"Altered neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with depression: a systematic analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"328","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12392","article-title":"Proton spectroscopy study of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in youth with familial depression","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.12.004","article-title":"Review of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Yildiz-Yesiloglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1210","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"65","author":"Yorbik","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12665","article-title":"Amygdala real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for major depressive disorder: a review","volume":"72","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0489-7","article-title":"A MRS study of metabolic alterations in the frontal white matter of major depressive disorder patients with the treatment of SSRIs","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.132","article-title":"Associations between executive function impairment and biochemical abnormalities in depressed adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury","volume":"298","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1166\/jmihi.2015.1507","article-title":"1H-MRS analysis for prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and thalamus of adolescent patients with depression","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725011899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725011899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:04:47Z","timestamp":1776920687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725011899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0165032725011899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in children and adolescents with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119747","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119747"}}