{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:15:32Z","timestamp":1779718532268,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001061","name":"Rebecca L Cooper Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020520","name":"Richard Tam Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T10:58:05Z","timestamp":1751713085000},"page":"119822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development and validation of a short version of the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictive Inventory (HAPPI): Measuring extreme appraisals of internal states and bipolar risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"390","author":[{"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Sperry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronya L.","family":"Sandorffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanjoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamsyn E.","family":"Van Rheenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.021","article-title":"Dysfunctional beliefs in bipolar disorder: hypomanic vs. depressive attitudes","volume":"122","author":"Alatiq","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612459518","article-title":"The future of emotion regulation research: capturing context","volume":"8","author":"Aldao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0015","series-title":"Introduction to Measurement Theory","author":"Allen","year":"1979"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2009.01160.x","article-title":"Longitudinal predictors of bipolar spectrum disorders: A behavioral approach system perspective","volume":"16","author":"Alloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112902","article-title":"The development and course of bipolar spectrum disorders: an integrated reward and circadian rhythm dysregulation model","volume":"11","author":"Alloy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0030","series-title":"The Basics of Item Response Theory","author":"Baker","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.003","article-title":"Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review","volume":"33","author":"Carl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i06","article-title":"Mirt: A multidimensional item response theory package for the R environment","volume":"48","author":"Chalmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v039.i08","article-title":"Lordif: an R package for detecting differential item functioning using iterative hybrid ordinal logistic regression\/item response theory and Monte Carlo simulations","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000646","article-title":"Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic process","volume":"20","author":"Cludius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465809990476","article-title":"Principal components analysis of the hypomanic attitudes and positive predictions inventory and associations with measures of personality, cognitive style and analogue symptoms in a student sample","volume":"38","author":"Dodd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.10.018","article-title":"Factor structure of the hypomanic attitudes and positive predictions inventory and associations with analogue bipolar symptoms in a student sample","volume":"50","author":"Dodd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.026","article-title":"Emotion regulation strategies in bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review","volume":"246","author":"Dodd","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.3.214","article-title":"Development and validation of a scale for hypomanic personality","volume":"95","author":"Eckblad","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-025-02626-1","article-title":"ESM-Q: A consensus-based quality assessment tool for experience sampling method items","volume":"57","author":"Eisele","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.139","article-title":"Mood instability and activity\/energy instability in patients with bipolar disorder according to day-to-day smartphone-based data\u2013an exploratory post hoc study","volume":"334","author":"Faurholt-Jepsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2013.41","article-title":"The role of psychological factors in bipolar disorder: prospective relationships between cognitive style, coping style and symptom expression","volume":"26","author":"Fletcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta neuropsychiatrica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.772048","article-title":"Impulsive responses to positive mood and reward are related to mania risk","volume":"27","author":"Giovanelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.776","article-title":"A review and synthesis of positive emotion and reward disturbance in bipolar disorder","volume":"18","author":"Gruber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.11.016","article-title":"Affective lability and affect intensity as core dimensions of bipolar disorders during euthymic period","volume":"159","author":"Henry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.11.002","article-title":"Mania and dysregulation in goal pursuit: A review","volume":"25","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2005.24.6.894","article-title":"Cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses to reward: Links with hypomanic symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617718181","article-title":"Willingness to expend effort toward reward and extreme ambitions in bipolar I disorder","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01235","article-title":"\u201cWhen my moods drive upward there is nothing I can do about it\u201d: A review of extreme appraisals of internal states and the bipolar spectrum","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0120","article-title":"Understanding bipolar disorder within a biopsychosocial emotion dysregulation framework","volume":"2","author":"Koenders","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0125","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the brief-hypomanic attitudes and positive predictions inventory-turkish version (brief-HAPPI-TR)","volume":"25","author":"Mackali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465806003109","article-title":"The Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory (HAPPI): a pilot study to select cognitions that are elevated in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to non-clinical controls","volume":"34","author":"Mansell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.010","article-title":"The ascent into mania: a review of psychological processes associated with the development of manic symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Mansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465807003827","article-title":"The interpretation of, and responses to, changes in internal states: an integrative cognitive model of mood swings and bipolar disorders","volume":"35","author":"Mansell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22841","article-title":"Emotion regulation strategies in mania risk: A systematic review","volume":"75","author":"McGrogan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.02.009","article-title":"Rasch analysis and item reduction of the hypomanic personality scale","volume":"44","author":"Meads","year":"2008","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12081","article-title":"Appraisals to affect: testing the integrative cognitive model of bipolar disorder","volume":"55","author":"Palmier-Claus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2415","article-title":"A guide to behavioural experiments in bipolar disorder","volume":"27","author":"Palmier-Claus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb1000","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0165","series-title":"Assessing quality of life in clinical trials: methods of practice","first-page":"55","article-title":"Applying item response theory modeling for evaluating questionnaire item and scale properties","volume":"2","author":"Reeve","year":"2005"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0170","article-title":"Psych: procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research","volume":"2","author":"Revelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"R package version"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025697","article-title":"Determining the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis using comparison data of known factorial structure","volume":"24","author":"Ruscio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23113","article-title":"Co-morbidity between mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Saha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104585","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep and circadian rhythms disturbances in individuals at high-risk of developing or with early onset of bipolar disorders","volume":"135","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000759","article-title":"Bipolar spectrum psychopathology is associated with altered emotion dynamics across multiple timescales","volume":"22","author":"Sperry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.03.004","article-title":"Measuring the validity and psychometric properties of a short form of the hypomanic personality scale","volume":"82","author":"Sperry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.076","article-title":"Emotion dynamics concurrently and prospectively predict mood psychopathology","volume":"261","author":"Sperry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"53","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02521","article-title":"EFAtools: an R package with fast and flexible implementations of exploratory factor analysis tools","volume":"5","author":"Steiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.001","article-title":"Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: profile and utility in predicting trait mania and depression propensity","volume":"225","author":"Van Rheenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004626","article-title":"Understanding familial liability for emotion regulation difficulties in bipolar disorder","volume":"52","author":"Van Rheenen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.114","article-title":"Reward sensitivity and social rhythms during goal-striving: an ecological momentary assessment investigation of bipolar spectrum disorders","volume":"344","author":"Walsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.1.3","article-title":"Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales","volume":"104","author":"Watson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822_bb0235","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725012649?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725012649?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T13:59:23Z","timestamp":1779717563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725012649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0165032725012649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and validation of a short version of the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictive Inventory (HAPPI): Measuring extreme appraisals of internal states and bipolar risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119822","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119822"}}