{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:33:31Z","timestamp":1790948011715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023 M731160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 M731160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010838","name":"Guangdong Office of Philosophy and Social Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010838","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017630","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23YJC190005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJC190005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019406","name":"Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003081","name":"Ministry of Education, Ethiopia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T23:18:44Z","timestamp":1756250324000},"page":"120167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Key factors of depression in middle-aged and older adults based on social-ecological systems theory: an interpretable machine learning approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"392","author":[{"given":"Haihui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunge","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningna","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-004-0013-2","article-title":"National context of healthcare, economy and religion, and the association between disability and depressive symptoms in older Europeans: Results from the EURODEP concerted action","volume":"1","author":"Braam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513","article-title":"Toward an experimental ecology of human development","volume":"32","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny179","article-title":"Longitudinal Associations of Falls and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults","volume":"59","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.1.29","article-title":"Community study of depression in old age in Taiwan: Prevalence, life events and socio-demographic correlates","volume":"178","author":"Chong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.996606","article-title":"The relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: A cross-lagged panel analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01235","article-title":"Why People Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence","author":"Dunning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0035","series-title":"Human Growth and Development Across the Lifespan","first-page":"443","article-title":"Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development","author":"Ford","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0040","author":"Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0045","series-title":"2017 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)","first-page":"79","article-title":"Handling class imbalance problem using oversampling techniques: A review","author":"Gosain","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx050","article-title":"Number of Children, Partnership Status, and Later-life Depression in Eastern and Western Europe","volume":"74","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0055","series-title":"Predictors of depression among middle-aged and older men and women in Europe: A machine learning approach","volume":"18","author":"Handing","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12168-8","article-title":"Education, household income, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Japanese adults","volume":"21","author":"Hinata","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2270-5","article-title":"Relationships between Chronic Diseases and Depression among Middle-aged and Elderly People in China: A Prospective Study from CHARLS","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Medical Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0070","article-title":"Personality traits and dimensions of mental health","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.09.003","article-title":"The effect of children on depression in old age","volume":"100","author":"Kruk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4923","article-title":"The association of insomnia and depressive symptoms with all-cause mortality among middle-aged and old adults","volume":"33","author":"Leggett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/001100007600600105","article-title":"Periods in the Adult Development of Men: Ages 18 to 45","volume":"6","author":"Levinson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Couns. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0095","article-title":"The Association Between Family Health and Frailty With the Mediation Role of Health Literacy and Health Behavior Among Older Adults in China: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0100","article-title":"Analysis of depression status and influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22175-2","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and their association with social determinants and chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0110","series-title":"A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Article 13","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132585","article-title":"Current Status and Influencing Factors of Eating Behavior in Residents at the Age of 18~60: A Cross-Sectional Study in China","volume":"14","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0120","series-title":"Social support and depression among community dwelling older adults in Asia: A systematic review","author":"Mohd","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0125","series-title":"Interpretable Machine Learning","author":"Molnar","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27344","article-title":"Discovery of Depression-Associated Factors From a Nationwide Population-Based Survey: Epidemiological Study Using Machine Learning and Network Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Nam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0135","series-title":"The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing","article-title":"Ageing In China","author":"Nie","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0140","article-title":"Analysis of the Status of Depression and the Influencing Factors in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China (in chinese)","volume":"52","author":"Nw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban = J. Sichuan Univ. Med. Sci. Ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.997","article-title":"Risk factors for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study in middle-aged and older adults","volume":"7","author":"Rutland-Lawes","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4798-2","article-title":"The relationship between multiple chronic diseases and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly populations: Results of a 2009 korean community health survey of 156,747 participants","volume":"17","author":"Seo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0155","article-title":"Prediction of mental illness using ensemble model and grid search hyperparameter optimization","volume":"13","author":"Shivaiah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bull. Electr. Eng. Inform."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042322","article-title":"The moderating effect of social support between loneliness and depression: differences between the young-old and the old-old","volume":"19","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.06.031","article-title":"Prediction of depression onset risk among middle-aged and elderly adults using machine learning and Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging cohort","volume":"339","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001202","article-title":"Gender differences in the relation between depression and social support in later life","volume":"25","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.10.004","article-title":"The mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between family health and depression or anxiety under varying living status","volume":"369","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105647","article-title":"Exploring key factors influencing depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly adult population: A machine learning-based method","volume":"129","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00477-0","article-title":"Transparency and the Black Box Problem: Why We Do Not Trust AI","volume":"34","author":"von Eschenbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16651-2","article-title":"Factors associated with eating behaviors in older adults from a socioecological model perspective","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107120","article-title":"Inter-relationships of obesity-related eating behavior with depression and anxiety among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis","volume":"192","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02680-3","article-title":"Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, multi-morbid conditions and depressive symptoms among Nepalese older adults","volume":"20","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.048","article-title":"Prospective associations between depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults","volume":"263","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0215","series-title":"Understanding human behavior and the social environment","author":"Zastrow","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15640\/jssw.v2n2a1","article-title":"The effects of family, community, and public policy on depressive symptoms among elderly Chinese","volume":"2","author":"Zurlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sociol. Soc. Work."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503272501609X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503272501609X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T05:17:33Z","timestamp":1780204653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016503272501609X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S016503272501609X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Key factors of depression in middle-aged and older adults based on social-ecological systems theory: an interpretable machine learning approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120167","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120167"}}