{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:02:10Z","timestamp":1791428530169,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IC210100019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IC210100019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-18\\u2013591358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-18\\u2013591358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-17\\u2013591424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-17\\u2013591424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-19\\u2013643133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-19\\u2013643133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1147465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1147465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1171816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1171816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1158384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1158384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1111603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1111603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1105576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1105576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1104273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1104273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2009550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2009550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012599","name":"Bethlehem Griffiths Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008710","name":"Dementia Australia Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T07:11:54Z","timestamp":1760512314000},"page":"120504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Association between anxiety, stress, and cognition in middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease: Results from the Healthy Brain Project"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"393","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Maruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen Ying","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000016","article-title":"Perceived stress and change in cognitive function among adults 65 years and older","volume":"76","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328","article-title":"2021 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"17","author":"Alzheimer\u2019\u2019s Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034845","article-title":"Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress","volume":"80","author":"Averill","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unsupervised performance of the CogState brief battery in the Brain Health Registry: implications for detecting cognitive decline","author":"Banh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00174.x","article-title":"A note on the multiplying factors for various \u03c7 2 approximations","volume":"16","author":"Bartlett","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.156554","article-title":"Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis","volume":"208","author":"Batelaan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","article-title":"Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures","volume":"88","author":"Bentler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0035","article-title":"The relationship between cognitive engagement and better memory in midlife","volume":"14","author":"Bransby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0040","article-title":"How modifiable are modifiable dementia risk factors? A framework for considering the modifiability of dementia risk factors","author":"Bransby","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000900","article-title":"Multidomain modifiable dementia risk factors are associated with poorer cognition in midlife","volume":"37","author":"Bransby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00269","article-title":"Is AD a stress-related disorder? Focus on the HPA axis and its promising therapeutic targets","volume":"11","author":"Canet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10","article-title":"The scree test for the number of factors","volume":"1","author":"Cattell","year":"1966","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0739-5","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease","volume":"18","author":"Celano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03848-8","article-title":"Midlife perceived stress is associated with cognitive decline across three decades","volume":"23","author":"Christensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0075","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0080","series-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2000","series-title":"Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists., Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists","author":"Cohen","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101777","article-title":"Randomised controlled trials for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review","volume":"82","author":"Coley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0095","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.01.215","article-title":"Mild behavioral impairment as a marker of cognitive decline in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"27","author":"Creese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0105","article-title":"Genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, cognition, and mild behavioral impairment in healthy older adults","volume":"13","author":"Creese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.07.005","article-title":"Early and late cns inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: two extremes of a continuum?","volume":"38","author":"Cuello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030319","article-title":"No association of lower hippocampal volume with Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in late-life depression","volume":"174","author":"De Winter","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0120","article-title":"Understanding and using factor scores: considerations for the applied researcher","volume":"14","author":"DiStefano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2657","article-title":"Association of higher cortical amyloid burden with loneliness in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"73","author":"Donovan","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17040442","article-title":"Longitudinal association of amyloid beta and anxious-depressive symptoms in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"175","author":"Donovan","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.05.041","article-title":"Meta-analysis of anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"118","author":"Emdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1506742","article-title":"Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in older people with depression and anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.035","article-title":"Associations between symptoms of depression and anxiety and cortisol responses to and recovery from acute stress","volume":"102","author":"Fiksdal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019399","article-title":"Support for midlife anxiety diagnosis as an independent risk factor for dementia: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Gimson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2050","series-title":"Urban stress: experiments on noise and social stressors","author":"Glass","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy269","article-title":"Stress disorders and dementia in the Danish population","volume":"188","author":"Gradus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-015-0232-5","article-title":"The age factor in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.05.015","article-title":"Anxiety as a predictor for cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Gulpers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0214-2","article-title":"Association of anxiety with subcortical amyloidosis in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"25","author":"Hanseeuw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.08.007","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid, APOE and BDNF genotype, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in cognitively normal older women and men","volume":"24","author":"Holmes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1742656","article-title":"Stress diagnoses in midlife and risk of dementia: a register-based follow-up study","volume":"25","author":"Islamoska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq116","article-title":"Midlife psychological stress and risk of dementia: a 35-year longitudinal population study","volume":"133","author":"Johansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.008","article-title":"Apathy and anxiety are early markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"85","author":"Johansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.01.012","article-title":"Development of apathy, anxiety, and depression in cognitively unimpaired older adults: effects of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and cognitive decline","volume":"92","author":"Johansson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116","article-title":"The application of electronic computers to factor analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kaiser","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315162348","article-title":"Multiple Regression and Beyond: An Introduction to Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Keith","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12123","article-title":"World-Wide FINGERS Network: a global approach to risk reduction and prevention of dementia","volume":"16","author":"Kivipelto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181953b82","article-title":"Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with cerebral FDDNP-PET binding in middle-aged and older nondemented adults","volume":"17","author":"Lavretsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23233","article-title":"The association of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and head injury with mid-life cognitive function in civilian women","volume":"39","author":"Lawn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2055","series-title":"Psychological stress and the coping process., Psychological stress and the coping process","author":"Lazarus","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2190\/T43T-84P3-QDUR-7RTP","article-title":"Psychological Stress and Coping in Adaptation and Illness","volume":"5","author":"Lazarus","year":"1974","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.40.7.770","article-title":"Stress and adaptational outcomes: The problem of confounded measures","volume":"40","author":"Lazarus","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2010","series-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2011.643227","article-title":"Use of the CogState brief battery in the assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease related cognitive impairment in the Australian imaging, biomarkers and lifestyle (AIBL) study","volume":"34","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181139","article-title":"The healthy brain project: an online platform for the recruitment, assessment, and monitoring of middle-aged adults at risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom remission and cognition in a large cohort of civilian women","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2007.02.007","article-title":"The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition","volume":"65","author":"Lupien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.02.001","article-title":"The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: from neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity","volume":"49","author":"Lupien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr001","article-title":"Aging and the shape of cognitive change before death: terminal decline or terminal drop?","volume":"66B","author":"MacDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2014-0035","article-title":"Chronic stress as a risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Machado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12116","article-title":"Repetitive negative thinking is associated with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline","volume":"16","author":"Marchant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1159\/000080229","article-title":"Subtle memory decline over 12 months in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"18","author":"Maruff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp010","article-title":"Validity of the CogState Brief Battery: relationship to standardized tests and sensitivity to cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and AIDS dementia complex","volume":"24","author":"Maruff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-7283-1-30","article-title":"Clinical utility of the cogstate brief battery in identifying cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Maruff","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.854","article-title":"How to factor-analyze your data right: do\u2019s, don\u2019ts, and how-to\u2019s","volume":"3","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100708","article-title":"Donanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"384","author":"Mintun","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210332","article-title":"Associations between cognitive complaints, memory performance, mood, and amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation in healthy amyloid negative late-midlife individuals","volume":"83","author":"Narbutas","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.22.6.638","article-title":"Relationships between perceived stress and health behaviors in a sample of working adults","volume":"22","author":"Ng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5","article-title":"A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Ngandu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1131","article-title":"Cognitive function in outpatients with perceived chronic stress","volume":"33","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0325","article-title":"The association between cardiovascular disease and dementia: a review of trends in epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and clinical implications","author":"Pandit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12043","article-title":"Unsupervised assessment of cognition in the Healthy Brain Project: implications for web-based registries of individuals at risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Perin","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&D Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.007","article-title":"Elucidating the association between depression, anxiety, and cognition in middle-aged adults: Application of dimensional and categorical approaches","volume":"296","author":"Perin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8457612","article-title":"Are anxiety disorders associated with accelerated aging? A focus on neuroprogression","volume":"2016","author":"Perna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.01.023","article-title":"Amyloid and tau pathology associations with personality traits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive lifestyle in the preclinical phases of sporadic and autosomal dominant Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"89","author":"Pichet Binette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.134239","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms, cerebral amyloid burden and memory decline in healthy older adults without dementia: 3-year prospective cohort study","volume":"204","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2476","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2, anxiety, and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease: a multicenter, prospective cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0360","first-page":"45","article-title":"Plasma cortisol, brain amyloid-\u03b2, and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a 6-year prospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry: Cognit. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00637-0","article-title":"Anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer disease: finally, good news for patients","volume":"18","author":"Ramanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.09.006","article-title":"Multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits a large elderly population at risk for cognitive decline and dementia regardless of baseline characteristics: the FINGER trial","volume":"14","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0375","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multidomain interventions to prevent cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and dementia: from FINGER to world-wide fingers","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0380","series-title":"Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398314-5.00001-5","article-title":"Inflammation in anxiety","author":"Salim","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11499","article-title":"Association of cardiovascular health level in older age with cognitive decline and incident dementia","volume":"320","author":"Samieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00701-7","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in at-risk groups for AD dementia and their association with worry and AD biomarkers\u2014results from the DELCODE study","volume":"12","author":"Sannemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alz Res. Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.065","article-title":"Updating the evidence for an association between anxiety and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"262","author":"Santab\u00e1rbara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051368","article-title":"Association between anxiety and vascular dementia risk: new evidence and an updated meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Santab\u00e1rbara","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb2065","series-title":"Helplessness: On depression, development, and death., Helplessness: On depression, development, and death","author":"Seligman","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0020-5","article-title":"Midlife mental distress and risk for dementia up to 27 years later: the Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study (HUNT) in linkage with a dementia registry in Norway","volume":"15","author":"Skogen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.23.3.jnp294","article-title":"Anxiety affects cognition differently in healthy apolipoprotein E \u03b54 homozygotes and non-carriers","volume":"23","author":"Stonnington","year":"2011","journal-title":"JNP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.028","article-title":"Physical activity and anxiety: a perspective from the World Health Survey","volume":"208","author":"Stubbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22600","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cognitive function in a large cohort of middle-aged women: S umner et al","volume":"34","author":"Sumner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby112","article-title":"Loneliness and risk of dementia","volume":"75","author":"Sutin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0430","series-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","first-page":"607","article-title":"Principal components and factor analysis","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw130","article-title":"Physical activity, brain volume, and dementia risk: the Framingham study","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"GERONA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0075959","article-title":"The vectors of mind","volume":"41","author":"Thurstone","year":"1934","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.10.003","article-title":"Perceived stress and cognitive decline in different cognitive domains in a cohort of older African Americans","volume":"25","author":"Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01308-4","article-title":"Stress, depression, and risk of dementia \u2013 a cohort study in the total population between 18 and 65 years old in Region Stockholm","volume":"15","author":"Wallensten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2005.10.004","article-title":"Mild memory impairment in healthy older adults is distinct from normal aging","volume":"60","author":"Weaver Cargin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31820119da","article-title":"Vulnerability to stress, anxiety, and development of dementia in old age","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000715","article-title":"Clinical-pathologic study of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in old age","volume":"83","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215375","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk associated with poorer memory in middle-aged adults from the healthy brain project","volume":"86","author":"Yassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000154","article-title":"Socioeconomic, health, and psychosocial mediators of racial disparities in cognition in early, middle, and late adulthood","volume":"32","author":"Zahodne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725019469?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725019469?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:25:36Z","timestamp":1777494336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725019469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S0165032725019469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between anxiety, stress, and cognition in middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease: Results from the Healthy Brain Project","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120504","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120504"}}