{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:47:59Z","timestamp":1791859679690,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-EX112-11201NI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-EX112-11201NI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2314-B-038-050-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2314-B-038-050-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["29968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["29968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T14:40:32Z","timestamp":1761403232000},"page":"120525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Association of lithium treatment with cardiac structure and circulating leukocyte distribution in patients with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"394","author":[{"given":"Pao-Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yi","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo-Ju","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Kuang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Hsuan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang-Ying","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121979","article-title":"The good and the bad: monocytes\u2019 and macrophages\u2019 diverse functions in inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Austermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0059-x","article-title":"The human heart contains distinct macrophage subsets with divergent origins and functions","volume":"24","author":"Bajpai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102506","article-title":"Global trends in youth suicide from 1990 to 2020: an analysis of data from the WHO mortality database","volume":"70","author":"Bertuccio","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073636","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases","volume":"23","author":"Buonacera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.094","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of sudden cardiac death in bipolar disorder across the lifespan","volume":"274","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.089","article-title":"Echocardiographic study of cardiac structure and function in people with bipolar disorder after midlife","volume":"296","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0035","article-title":"Lithium treatment improves cardiac dysfunction in rats deprived of rapid eye movement sleep","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13519","article-title":"Mood stabilizers and risk of all-cause, natural, and suicide mortality in bipolar disorder: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"147","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13497","article-title":"Association of lithium treatment with reduced left ventricular concentricity in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.05.020","article-title":"Association of lipids and inflammatory markers with left ventricular wall thickness in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"358","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211062532","article-title":"Cardioprotective potential of lithium and role of fractalkine in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20420","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large-scale meta-analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0869","article-title":"Treatments for the prevention and management of suicide: a systematic review","volume":"171","author":"D\u2019Anci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1129191","article-title":"NF\u03baB signaling in T cell memory","volume":"14","author":"Daniels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.55.4.613","article-title":"Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method","volume":"55","author":"Devereux","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.019","article-title":"Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Epelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0077-x","article-title":"The interstitium in cardiac repair: role of the immune-stromal cell interplay","volume":"15","author":"Forte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa324","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis","volume":"117","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12921","article-title":"Call to action regarding the vascular-bipolar link: a report from the Vascular Task Force of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders","volume":"22","author":"Goldstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.021","article-title":"Myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure: biological and translational perspectives","volume":"71","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1384850","article-title":"The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar disorders: acute and long-term treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder","volume":"19","author":"Grunze","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.313015","article-title":"Lithium beyond psychiatric indications: the reincarnation of a new old drug","volume":"16","author":"Haupt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.664457","article-title":"Cells of the immune system in cardiac remodeling: main players in resolution of inflammation and repair after myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Kologrivova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12336","article-title":"A reduced risk of stroke with lithium exposure in bipolar disorder: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2014.05.003","article-title":"Impact of echocardiographic left ventricular geometry on clinical prognosis","volume":"57","author":"Lavie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.052","article-title":"The use of lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder: recommendations from clinical practice guidelines","volume":"217","author":"Malhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.039","article-title":"The association between childhood bullying victimisation and childhood maltreatment with the clinical expression of bipolar disorder","volume":"158","author":"Manoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.04.012","article-title":"The transition from hypertension to heart failure: contemporary update","volume":"5","author":"Messerli","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.11.083","article-title":"Arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: pathophysiologic mechanisms and emerging clinical indications","volume":"77","author":"Palombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318159","article-title":"From systemic inflammation to myocardial fibrosis: the heart failure with preserved ejection fraction paradigm revisited","volume":"128","author":"Paulus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.054","article-title":"Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"242","author":"Plans","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13300","article-title":"Lithium and risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia and venous thromboembolism","volume":"25","author":"Ponzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.06.006","article-title":"Patients receiving lithium therapy have a reduced prevalence of neurological and cardiovascular disorders","volume":"71","author":"Prosser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.063","article-title":"The association between anti-inflammatory effects of long-term lithium treatment and illness course in bipolar disorder","volume":"281","author":"Queissner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0180","first-page":"177","article-title":"Roles of the NF-\u03baB pathway in B-lymphocyte biology","volume":"393","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.084","article-title":"Pulse pressure and risk for cardiovascular events in patients with atherothrombosis: from the REACH registry","volume":"67","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01231-5","article-title":"The relationship between bullying victimization and perpetration and non-suicidal self-injury: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Serafini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.002","article-title":"Hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and sudden cardiac death","volume":"237","author":"Shenasa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12543","article-title":"Lithium and suicide in mood disorders: updated meta-review of the scientific literature","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.11.002","article-title":"Prognostic implications of left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"61","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0065-8","article-title":"Cardioimmunology: the immune system in cardiac homeostasis and disease","volume":"18","author":"Swirski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420952551","article-title":"The association between carotid atherosclerosis and treatment with lithium and antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"54","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111465","article-title":"Inflammation associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study","volume":"173","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000095360.62479.1F","article-title":"Fractalkine in vascular biology: from basic research to clinical disease","volume":"24","author":"Umehara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.003","article-title":"Resident cardiac macrophages mediate adaptive myocardial remodeling","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Yatham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725019676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725019676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T08:52:16Z","timestamp":1780822336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725019676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0165032725019676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of lithium treatment with cardiac structure and circulating leukocyte distribution in patients with bipolar disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120525","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120525"}}