{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:12:28Z","timestamp":1790194348942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:01:32Z","timestamp":1765818092000},"page":"120877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inflammatory response to repeated subcutaneous esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: The role of baseline C-reactive protein"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"397","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Cavalcanti-Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara Carvalho Ara\u00fajo Melo","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vagner Deuel O.","family":"de Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00edssa N\u00f3brega","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Bezerra","family":"de Medeiros Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaike Thi\u00ea","family":"da Costa Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Igor Torquato Cardoso","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raynara","family":"Bolcont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldielyson Jorge Cavalcanti","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Falchi-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson","family":"Arcoverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Draulio Barros","family":"de Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Palhano-Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Leite","family":"Galv\u00e3o-Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.01.006","article-title":"Serious life events among resistant and non-resistant MDD patients","volume":"110","author":"Amital","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients","volume":"47","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0015","article-title":"Rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of low-dose ketamine infusion in patients with treatment-resistant depression with or without low-grade inflammation","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3739","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal Esketamine adjunctive to oral antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.038","article-title":"The rapid antidepressant effectiveness of repeated dose of intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine: a post-hoc analysis of pooled real-world data","volume":"348","author":"d\u2019Andrea","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.20121776","article-title":"Association between systemic inflammation and individual symptoms of depression: a pooled analysis of 15 population-based cohort studies","volume":"178","author":"Frank","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257251","article-title":"Potential biomarkers of major depression diagnosis and chronicity","volume":"16","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.1.57","article-title":"The STAR*D study: treating depression in the real world","volume":"75","author":"Gaynes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.06.007","article-title":"Pilot randomized controlled trial of titrated subcutaneous ketamine in older patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"25","author":"George","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000531","article-title":"Inflammation and depression but where does the inflammation come from?","volume":"32","author":"Halaris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0055","article-title":"Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories","volume":"14","author":"Hassamal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002872","article-title":"Age modification of the relationship between C-reactive protein and fatigue: findings from understanding society (UKHLS)","volume":"48","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001777","article-title":"Cure therapeutics and strategic prevention: raising the bar for mental health research","volume":"11","author":"Insel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.03.013","article-title":"Sex differences in the association of baseline c-reactive protein (CRP) and acute-phase treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder: findings from the EMBARC study","volume":"113","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0206","article-title":"Should inflammation be a specifier for major depression in the DSM-6?","volume":"82","author":"Jha","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0080","series-title":"Advances in Pharmacology, Rapid Acting Antidepressants","first-page":"195","article-title":"Neurobiological biomarkers of response to ketamine","author":"Kadriu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1903305","article-title":"Esketamine for treatment-resistant depression \u2014 first FDA-approved antidepressant in a new class","volume":"381","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305772120","article-title":"Ketamine and the neurobiology of depression: toward next-generation rapid-acting antidepressant treatments","volume":"120","author":"Krystal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/984845","article-title":"Biomarkers predicting antidepressant treatment response: how can we advance the field?","volume":"35","author":"Labermaier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116355","article-title":"Demographic and clinical predictors of response and remission in the treatment of major depressive disorder with ketamine and esketamine: a systematic review","volume":"345","author":"Lima Constantino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.79","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial","volume":"223","author":"Loo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.06.020","article-title":"Rapid and long-lasting effects of subcutaneous esketamine on suicidality: an open-label study in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"176","author":"Lopes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120978398","article-title":"Repeated subcutaneous esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: impact of the degree of treatment resistance and anxiety comorbidity","volume":"35","author":"Lucchese","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.05.022","article-title":"Investigating whether a combination of higher CRP and depression is differentially associated with worse executive functioning in a cohort of 43,896 adults","volume":"96","author":"Mac Giollabhui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20081251","article-title":"Synthesizing the evidence for ketamine and Esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: an international expert opinion on the available evidence and implementation","volume":"178","author":"McIntyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01652-1","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine and esketamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Medeiros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.021","article-title":"Biomarkers of ketamine\u2019s antidepressant effect: an umbrella review","volume":"323","author":"Meshkat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20250289","article-title":"Advancing an inflammatory subtype of major depression","volume":"182","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","article-title":"The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0519-3","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of ketamine and Esketamine: a critical review","volume":"32","author":"Molero","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0160","series-title":"A Guide on Data Analysis","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0165","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prospective service use and health care costs of Medicaid beneficiaries with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"24","author":"Olfson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031616","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder?","volume":"23","author":"Orsolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001454","article-title":"Prevalence of low-grade inflammation in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of CRP levels","volume":"49","author":"Osimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.02.010","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in depression: a meta-analysis of mean differences and variability in 5,166 patients and 5,083 controls","volume":"87","author":"Osimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.141","article-title":"Repeated subcutaneous esketamine on treatment-resistant depression: an open-label dose titration study","volume":"369","author":"Palhano-Fontes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.080","article-title":"C-reactive protein could predict the efficacy of SSRIs in clinical practice: a cohort study of large samples in the real world","volume":"313","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb2025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.09.025","article-title":"Change in cytokine levels is not associated with rapid antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"84","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103697","article-title":"Targeting inflammatory pathways for treatment of the major depressive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Patil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318921","article-title":"C-reactive protein: a critical update","volume":"111","author":"Pepys","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20060947","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein in patients with depression, independent of genetic, health, and psychosocial factors: results from the UK biobank","volume":"178","author":"Pitharouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053730.47739.3C","article-title":"Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention","volume":"107","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01460-2","article-title":"The effects of ketamine and classic hallucinogens on neurotrophic and inflammatory markers in unipolar treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review of clinical trials","volume":"273","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00013.2022","article-title":"Precision medicine approaches to mental health care","volume":"38","author":"Scala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-022-01193-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous Esketamine in the treatment of suicidality in major depressive disorder and bipolar depression","volume":"42","author":"Surjan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106533","article-title":"Psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory responses through the sigma-1 receptor of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"9","author":"Szabo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.07.045","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and treatment outcome in treatment resistant depression: a systematic review","volume":"257","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725023195?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725023195?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:24:31Z","timestamp":1768469071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725023195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0165032725023195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inflammatory response to repeated subcutaneous esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: The role of baseline C-reactive protein","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120877","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120877"}}