{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T04:45:26Z","timestamp":1776573926308,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T07:40:10Z","timestamp":1767685210000},"page":"121130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A two-year case series of clinical outcomes in depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lillywhite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Erridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evonne","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katy","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Coomber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urmila","family":"Bhoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Crews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fariha","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Korb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gracia","family":"Mwimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simmi","family":"Sachdeva-Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Shaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Rucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikael H.","family":"Sodergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S29716","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Al-Harbi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab234","article-title":"Medical cannabis and cannabinoids for impaired sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"AminiLari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176211021280","article-title":"The ceiling effect, the floor effect, and the importance of active and placebo control arms in randomized controlled trials of an investigational drug","volume":"43","author":"Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11700","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1636-07.2007","article-title":"Cannabinoids elicit antidepressant-like behavior and activate serotonergic neurons through the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"27","author":"Bambico","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2435","article-title":"Nonopioid placebo analgesia is mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors","volume":"17","author":"Benedetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00066-1","article-title":"Increasing uncertainty in CNS clinical trials: the role of placebo, nocebo, and Hawthorne effects","volume":"15","author":"Benedetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00488-y","article-title":"Distinct biological signature and modifiable risk factors underlie the comorbidity between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease","volume":"3","author":"Bergstedt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Cardiovascular Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21110","article-title":"Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management","volume":"22","author":"Berk","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.08.2141","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in patients with major depression disorder","volume":"20","author":"Bilbao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30401-8","article-title":"Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Black","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0055","article-title":"Phytocannabinoids: exploring pharmacological profiles and their impact on Therapeutical use","volume":"25(8), Article 8","author":"Blebea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0060","article-title":"Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between biased cognitions and depression","volume":"33","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(73)90058-0","article-title":"Learned behavioral tolerance to marihuana in rats","volume":"1","author":"Carder","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/medlaw\/fwaa002","article-title":"The NICE guideline on medicinal Cannabis: keeping Pandora\u2019s box shut tight?","volume":"28","author":"Case","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0075","series-title":"Psychological Medicine","article-title":"The association between cannabis and depression: An updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","author":"Churchill","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111373","article-title":"The impact of Cannabidiol treatment on anxiety disorders: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials","volume":"14","author":"Coelho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21069","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy vs. control conditions, other psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and combined treatment for depression: A comprehensive meta-analysis including 409 trials with 52,702 patients","volume":"22","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102581","article-title":"The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review","volume":"118","author":"de Bode","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1333-2","article-title":"Preliminary evidence of cannabinoid effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans","volume":"202","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12403","article-title":"An observational study of clinical outcome measures in patients treated with cannabis-based medicinal products on the UK medical Cannabis registry","volume":"43","author":"Erridge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.05.039","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced upregulation of serotonin 2A receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and anxiety-like behaviors in rats","volume":"548","author":"Franklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13499","article-title":"Cellular distribution of cannabinoid-related receptors TRPV1, PPAR-gamma, GPR55 and GPR3 in the equine cervical dorsal root ganglia","volume":"54","author":"Galiazzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S223","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_772_19","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression","volume":"62","author":"Gautam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43848","article-title":"Placebo response and media attention in randomized clinical trials assessing Cannabis-based therapies for pain: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Gedin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2005.01.028","article-title":"Cannabinoid tolerance and dependence: A review of studies in laboratory animals","volume":"81","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:4<160::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders","volume":"4","author":"Gorman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0135","article-title":"Prospects for the use of cannabinoids in psychiatric disorders","volume":"12","author":"Graczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02197.x","article-title":"Alcohol measurement methodology in epidemiology: recent advances and opportunities","volume":"103","author":"Greenfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417128","article-title":"Effects of anxious depression on antidepressant treatment response","volume":"24","author":"Hampf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0150","first-page":"833","article-title":"Drug interactions of tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in cannabinoid drugs","volume":"120","author":"Herdegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14980","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4283-10.2010","article-title":"Functional interactions between stress and the endocannabinoid system: from synaptic signaling to behavioral output","volume":"30","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.82","article-title":"Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in chronic daily cannabis smokers","volume":"17","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.12793\/tcp.2019.27.4.123","article-title":"Treatment response and disease progression","volume":"27","author":"Holford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Translational and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00469-6","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: commentary on prevalence and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Hopwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001601","article-title":"Region-specific dysregulation of endocannabinoid system in learned helplessness model of depression","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2003.11.003","article-title":"Assessing the clinical significance of change scores recorded on subjective outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Hurst","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0180","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of dimensional anxious depression: A review","volume":"16","author":"Ionescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2122","article-title":"The impact of medical comorbidity on acute treatment in major depressive disorder","volume":"160","author":"Iosifescu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.039","article-title":"The 5-HT1A receptor in major depressive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Kaufman","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0195","author":"Kaul"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230701675222","article-title":"Treatment resistant depression\u2014advances in somatic therapies","volume":"19","author":"Kennedy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0205","series-title":"A Brief Background on Cannabis: From Plant to Medical Indications","author":"Klumpers","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01787-0","article-title":"Comorbidity and depression treatment","volume":"53","author":"Krishnan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0220","author":"Lago-Fernandez"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711278105","article-title":"GPR55 is a cannabinoid receptor that increases intracellular calcium and inhibits M current","volume":"105","author":"Lauckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.12.021","article-title":"Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders among individuals with mental illness","volume":"54","author":"Lev-Ran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-022-00450-7","article-title":"THC, CBD, and anxiety: A review of recent findings on the anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of cannabis\u2019 primary cannabinoids","volume":"9","author":"Lichenstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.12.017","article-title":"Cannabidiol induces rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and enhances cortical 5-HT\/glutamate neurotransmission: role of 5-HT1A receptors","volume":"103","author":"Linge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0245","article-title":"Temporal and spatial trend analysis of all-cause depression burden based on global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4036","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress","volume":"16","author":"Lutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2024.2356615","article-title":"Suicidal ideation in medicinal Cannabis patients: A 12-month prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Lynskey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Suicide Research: Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0260","author":"Machado"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20771","article-title":"The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management","volume":"19","author":"Maj","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0270","author":"Mangoo"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0275","first-page":"136","article-title":"Interpersonal psychotherapy: principles and applications","volume":"3","author":"Markowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0280","article-title":"Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of medicinal Cannabis use in an observational trial","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-001-0946-5","article-title":"Involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in emotional behaviour","volume":"159","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.611278","article-title":"Cannabidiol acts at 5-HT1A receptors in the human brain: relevance for treating temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Aguirre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.541962","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of basic symptoms among cannabis users: an observational study","volume":"37","author":"Martinotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802884627","article-title":"Cannabis use and psychosis: theme introduction","volume":"18","author":"Martinotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04961.x","article-title":"CB1 knockout mice display impaired functionality of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A\/C receptors","volume":"103","author":"Mato","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1300\/J175v01n03_08","article-title":"Cannabis and Cannabis extracts: greater than the sum of their parts?","volume":"1","author":"McPartland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-024-00643-0","article-title":"Clinical benefits and safety of medical Cannabis products: A narrative review on natural extracts","volume":"13","author":"Mick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0320","author":"Mikulska"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0325","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of CB2 receptors in emotional and cognitive disorders","volume":"13","author":"Morcuende","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.166","article-title":"Neurobiological interactions between stress and the endocannabinoid system","volume":"41","author":"Morena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12407","article-title":"A cohort study comparing the effects of medical cannabis for anxiety patients with and without comorbid sleep disturbance","volume":"44","author":"Murphy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1682-9","article-title":"The prospective association between obesity and major depression in the general population: does single or recurrent episode matter?","volume":"15","author":"Nigatu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.20","article-title":"Exploring the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, diagnoses and treatments in primary care: observational study using UK primary care data","volume":"10","author":"Nimmons","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","article-title":"Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries","volume":"173","author":"Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2020.32.131-134","article-title":"Assessment of the antidepressant side effects occurrence in patients treated in primary care","volume":"32","author":"Ramic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materia Socio-Medica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2008.00046.x","article-title":"5-HT1A receptors are involved in the cannabidiol-induced attenuation of behavioural and cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress in rats","volume":"156","author":"Resstel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01967-1","article-title":"The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of cannabinoids in chronic unpredictable stress: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Reuveni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020148","article-title":"Endocannabinoid system: chemical characteristics and biological activity","volume":"16","author":"Rezende","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0375","article-title":"Duration of untreated disorder and Cannabis use: an observational study on a cohort of young Italian patients experiencing psychotic experiences and dissociative symptoms","volume":"18(23), Article 23","author":"Ricci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00622","article-title":"A systematic review of the complex effects of cannabinoids on cerebral and peripheral circulation in animal models","volume":"9","author":"Richter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3082517","article-title":"Brain CB2 receptors: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"3","author":"Roche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0029-y","article-title":"Schizophrenia and depression, two poles of endocannabinoid system deregulation","volume":"7","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09089-3","article-title":"Changes in patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores in adults with medical authorization for cannabis","volume":"20","author":"Round","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0400","author":"Sales"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1328885","article-title":"Cannabidiol and brain function: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Schouten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0410","article-title":"Understanding the Hawthorne effect","volume":"351","author":"Sedgwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0415","first-page":"1849","article-title":"A new single-item sleep quality scale: results of psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic primary insomnia and depression","volume":"14","author":"Snyder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1346207","article-title":"Cannabis use and mood disorders: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Sorkhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2215-6114","article-title":"Effectiveness of medical Cannabis for the treatment of depression: A naturalistic outpatient study","volume":"57","author":"Specka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0435","series-title":"Psychiatric Services","first-page":"429","article-title":"Evidence for use of cannabinoids in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and PTSD: A systematic review","volume":"vol. 72","author":"Stanciu","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0440","article-title":"Psychotherapy access barriers and interest in digital mental health interventions among adults with treatment needs: survey study","volume":"12","author":"Starvaggi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.12.022","article-title":"THC and CBD: similarities and differences between siblings","volume":"111","author":"Stella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03661-w","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 on screening of depression in neurology: A cross sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0455","article-title":"(PDF) acute effects of Oral cannabinoids on sleep and high-density EEG in insomnia: A pilot randomised controlled trial","author":"Suraev","year":"2025","journal-title":"ResearchGate"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2023.2174633","article-title":"UK medical Cannabis registry: A patient evaluation","volume":"37","author":"Tait","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290549","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients accessing medicinal cannabis in Australia: the QUEST initiative results of a 3-month follow-up observational study","volume":"18","author":"Tait","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320756","article-title":"Improvements in health-related quality of life are maintained long-term in patients prescribed medicinal cannabis in Australia: the QUEST Initiative 12-month follow-up observational study","volume":"20","author":"Tait","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00087","article-title":"Endocannabinoid modulation of microglial phenotypes in neuropathology","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy027","article-title":"Is smoking heaviness causally associated with alcohol use? A Mendelian randomization study in four European cohorts","volume":"47","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30432-0","article-title":"Mental health matters","volume":"8","author":"The Lancet Global Health","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0490","series-title":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0495","series-title":"March","author":"UK Government","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.01.007","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of medical cannabinoids in older subjects: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"van den Elsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008","article-title":"Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets","volume":"15","author":"van Hout","year":"2012","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2025.2457101","article-title":"UK medical Cannabis registry: an analysis of clinical outcomes of medicinal Cannabis therapy for Cancer pain","volume":"39","author":"Varadpande","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae261","article-title":"Adverse events caused by cannabinoids in middle aged and older adults for all indications: A meta-analysis of incidence rate difference","volume":"53","author":"Velayudhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab149","article-title":"Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: A randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo","volume":"44","author":"Walsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2024.2423634","article-title":"UK medical Cannabis registry: A cohort study of patients prescribed cannabis-based oils and dried flower for generalised anxiety disorder","volume":"24","author":"Warner-Levy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0535","article-title":"The EQ-5D-5L valuation set for England A view from the side","author":"Werner","year":"2019","journal-title":"NICE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0025","article-title":"Gram years: A method to standardize and quantify lifetime Cannabis consumption","volume":"1","author":"Wetherill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0545","article-title":"Structural and functional thalamic alterations in major depressive disorder with comorbid chronic pain","volume":"15","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00521.x","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol in mice: possible involvement of 5-HT1A receptors","volume":"159","author":"Zanelati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725025728?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032725025728?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T04:12:31Z","timestamp":1776571951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032725025728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S0165032725025728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A two-year case series of clinical outcomes in depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121130","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121130"}}