{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:51:05Z","timestamp":1781945465305,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:11:14Z","timestamp":1769184674000},"page":"121230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Symptom trajectories and clinical outcomes of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: A real-world study using group-based trajectory modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"400","author":[{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Janssen-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jithin","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Al-Shamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaowei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathima","family":"Adamsahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Mulsant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Voineskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Blumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler S.","family":"Kaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkat","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.04.037","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Alnefeesi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2302399","article-title":"Ketamine versus ECT for nonpsychotic treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"388","author":"Anand","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.119","article-title":"The effects of ketamine and esketamine on measures of quality of life in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review","volume":"382","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231171531","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression in transitional age youth","volume":"37","author":"Chisamore","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0030","article-title":"Case report: repeated series of ketamine infusions in patients with treatment-resistant depression: presentation of five cases","volume":"12","author":"Ga\u0142uszko-W\u0229gielnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115865","article-title":"IV low dose ketamine infusions for treatment resistant depression: results from a five-year study at a free public clinic in an academic hospital","volume":"335","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231161627","article-title":"A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of ketamine\u2019s anxiolytic effects","volume":"37","author":"Hartland","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.141","article-title":"The effects of ketamine on symptoms of depression and anxiety in real-world care settings: a retrospective controlled analysis","volume":"335","author":"Hietamies","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.043","article-title":"Clinical predictive factors and trajectories of suicidal remission over 6 weeks following intravenous ketamine for suicidal ideation","volume":"347","author":"Jollant","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124113503141","article-title":"A note on a Stata plugin for estimating group-based trajectory models","volume":"42","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0060","article-title":"Ketamine for depressive symptoms: a retrospective chart review of a private ketamine clinic","volume":"30","author":"Juby","year":"2024","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215598665","article-title":"Introducing the fit-criteria assessment plot - a visualisation tool to assist class enumeration in group-based trajectory modelling","volume":"26","author":"Klijn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116355","article-title":"Demographic and clinical predictors of response and remission in the treatment of major depressive disorder with ketamine and esketamine: a systematic review","volume":"345","author":"Lima Constantino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1011103","article-title":"The effect of ketamine on cognition, anxiety, and social functioning in adults with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Marchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.097","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of ketamine intravenous therapy for depression in real-world care settings","volume":"301","author":"McInnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12941","article-title":"The effectiveness of ketamine on anxiety, irritability, and agitation: Implications for treating mixed features in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0095","article-title":"High baseline plasma anthranilic acid predicts remission upon acute-series ketamine infusion for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"5","author":"Murata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1074","article-title":"Evaluation of the trajectory of depression severity with ketamine and esketamine treatment in a clinical setting","volume":"79","author":"Nikayin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127","article-title":"Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Nikolin","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.10.031","article-title":"Replication of distinct trajectories of antidepressant response to intravenous ketamine","volume":"321","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21m14336","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of intravenous racemic ketamine infusions in a large community sample of patients with treatment-resistant depression, suicidal ideation, and generalized anxiety symptoms: a retrospective chart review","volume":"83","author":"Oliver","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2022.11.013","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine for late-life treatment-resistant depression: a pilot study of tolerability, safety, clinical benefits, and effect on cognition","volume":"31","author":"Oughli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05951-5","article-title":"A randomized controlled pilot study of daily intravenous ketamine over three days for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"24","author":"Pattanaseri","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070834","article-title":"Single, repeated, and maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.137","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine with dose escalation for major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"356","author":"Seshadri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1324","article-title":"Antidepressant response trajectories and associated clinical prognostic factors among older adults","volume":"72","author":"Smagula","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyad014","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, midazolam-controlled trial of low-dose ketamine infusion in patients with treatment-resistant depression and prominent suicidal ideation","volume":"26","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-024-00420-x","article-title":"A prospective open-label study to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous ketamine as an adjunct in treating severe depression","volume":"31","author":"Thatisetti Venkata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Middle East Curr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15374","article-title":"Ketamine treatment for refractory anxiety: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Tully","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5964","article-title":"Change in patient-centered outcomes of psychological well-being, sleep, and suicidality following treatment with intravenous ketamine for late-life treatment-resistant depression","volume":"38","author":"Vanderschelden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2013.10.12","article-title":"The retrospective chart review: important methodological considerations","volume":"10","author":"Vassar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Educ. Eval. Health Prof."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.123","article-title":"Is ketamine an appropriate alternative to ECT for patients with treatment resistant depression? A systematic review","volume":"281","author":"Veraart","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03027-2","article-title":"Non-improvement predicts subsequent non-response to repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for depression: a re-analysis of a 2-week open-label study in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0185","series-title":"Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software","author":"West","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17m11731","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes using ketamine as a clinical treatment at the Yale Psychiatric Hospital","volume":"79","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176251334446","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine treatment for depression: one-year retrospective study from a tertiary care psychiatry center from India","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05716-0","article-title":"Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Zolghadriha","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726000819?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726000819?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:22:00Z","timestamp":1781943720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726000819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0165032726000819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Symptom trajectories and clinical outcomes of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: A real-world study using group-based trajectory modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121230","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121230"}}