{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:25:13Z","timestamp":1787063113054,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:32:22Z","timestamp":1773041542000},"page":"121604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bidirectional association of psychopathology and cannabis use: Results from the Swiss study on recreational cannabis access via pharmacies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"405","author":[{"given":"C. Felix","family":"Mosandl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Guessoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Curiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kronschnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Baltes-Flueckiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.017","article-title":"An improved brief measure of cannabis misuse: the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R)","volume":"110","author":"Adamson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0010","article-title":"Effects of cannabis regulation in Switzerland: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Baltes-Flueckiger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of legal access versus illegal market cannabis on use and mental health: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Baltes-Flueckiger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.097","article-title":"Stigma and social support in substance abuse: implications for mental health and well-being","volume":"252","author":"Birtel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00403.x","article-title":"AUDIT-C as a brief screen for alcohol misuse in primary care","volume":"31","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.605696","article-title":"Psychosocial factors related to cannabis use disorders","volume":"32","author":"Brook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Subst. Abus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102740","article-title":"Intensity of cannabis use: findings from three online surveys","volume":"79","author":"Caulkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0040","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Childhood family stress and adult resilience in a sample of depressed patients","volume":"15","author":"Collazzoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00247-4","article-title":"Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder","volume":"7","author":"Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e444","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09469","article-title":"Probability and correlates of dependence among regular users of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and cocaine: concurrent and prospective analyses of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"77","author":"Cougle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.045","article-title":"Cannabis use, depression and anxiety: a 3-year prospective population-based study","volume":"193","author":"Danielsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30048-3","article-title":"The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Di Forti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36035","article-title":"Cannabis use frequency and cannabis-related consequences in high-risk young adults across cannabis legalization","volume":"6","author":"Doggett","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.52689","article-title":"State cannabis legalization and psychosis-related health care utilization","volume":"6","author":"Elser","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.037","article-title":"The association between cannabis use and anxiety disorders: results from a population-based representative sample","volume":"26","author":"Feingold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21111126","article-title":"Cannabis and psychosis: recent epidemiological findings continuing the \u201ccausality debate.\u201d","volume":"179","author":"Ganesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.13802","article-title":"Association of depression with past-month cannabis use among US adults aged 20 to 59 years, 2005 to 2016","volume":"3","author":"Gorfinkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.57069","article-title":"Brain function outcomes of recent and lifetime cannabis use","volume":"8","author":"Gowin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16135","article-title":"How should policymakers regulate the tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis products in a legal market?","volume":"118","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.07.027","article-title":"Are we any closer to identifying a causal relationship between cannabis and psychosis?","volume":"38","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v12i8.5688","article-title":"Co-occurring trauma- and stressor-related and substance-related disorders in youth: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Hinckley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1035","article-title":"Association of high-potency cannabis use with mental health and substance use in adolescence","volume":"77","author":"Hines","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0115","series-title":"The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): Manual for Use in Primary Care","author":"Humeniuk","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11206","article-title":"Comparison of state-level regulations for cannabis contaminants and implications for public health","volume":"130","author":"Jameson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.1256","article-title":"Cannabis use disorder and subsequent risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic unipolar depression and bipolar disorder","volume":"80","author":"Jefsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0130","series-title":"The Cocaine Crisis","first-page":"65","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence","author":"Khantzian","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106479","article-title":"What is the prevalence and risk of cannabis use disorders among people who use cannabis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0145","series-title":"Gesundheitsfragebogen f\u00fcr Patienten (PHQ D). Komplettversion und Kurzform. Testmappe mit Manual, Frageb\u00f6gen, Schablonen","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115190","article-title":"Prospective associations between cannabis use and depressive symptoms across adolescence and early adulthood","volume":"325","author":"Lydiard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13069","article-title":"Availability, retail price and potency of legal and illegal cannabis in Canada after recreational cannabis legalisation","volume":"39","author":"Mahamad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1971","article-title":"Measuring cannabis quantities in online surveys: a rapid review and proposals for ways forward","volume":"32","author":"Manthey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104039","article-title":"The impact of legal cannabis availability on cannabis use and health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Manthey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0170","first-page":"11","article-title":"Identification of psychosis risk by the Early Recognition Inventory (ERIraos) - description of the schedules and preliminary results on reliability and validity of the checklist","volume":"25","author":"Maurer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nervenheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.9544912.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood","volume":"95","author":"McGee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.07.001","article-title":"Cannabis use and psychosocial functioning: evidence from prospective longitudinal studies","volume":"38","author":"Meier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1356988","article-title":"Cannabis use and its association with psychopathological symptoms in a Swiss adult population: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"12","author":"Mosandl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.57868","article-title":"Changes in incident schizophrenia diagnoses associated with cannabis use disorder after cannabis legalization","volume":"8","author":"Myran","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.043","article-title":"Comorbid cannabis use disorder with major depression and generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of nationally representative epidemiological surveys","volume":"281","author":"Onaemo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00161-4","article-title":"Association of cannabis potency with mental ill health and addiction: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Petrilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.10.023","article-title":"The association between traumatic experiences and substance and behavioral addictions in late adolescence: a role for PTSD and cPTSD as potential mediators","volume":"168","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0215","series-title":"World Drug Report 2024","author":"UNODC","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4606","article-title":"Cannabis use and its association with psychological disorders","volume":"50","author":"Urits","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.6981","article-title":"Prevalence of substance use disorders by time since first substance use among young people in the US","volume":"175","author":"Volkow","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720952251","article-title":"Cannabis use and prospective long-term association with anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"66","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00299-8","article-title":"The adverse public health effects of non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada and the USA","volume":"10","author":"Yimer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16016","article-title":"Impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use: a longitudinal discordant twin study","volume":"118","author":"Zellers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726004556?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726004556?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:31:00Z","timestamp":1787059860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726004556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0165032726004556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bidirectional association of psychopathology and cannabis use: Results from the Swiss study on recreational cannabis access via pharmacies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121604","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121604"}}