{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:47:01Z","timestamp":1791740821155,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund Plus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009379","name":"Interdisziplin\u00e4res Zentrum f\u00fcr Klinische Forschung, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum W\u00fcrzburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-SGR-1358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SGR-1358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004870","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t,\u00a0Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dan3\/022\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dan3\/022\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004870","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t,\u00a0Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025 STEP 00227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025 STEP 00227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["945151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["945151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHU 1603\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHU 1603\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA241\/16-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA241\/16-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB\/TRR 393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB\/TRR 393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR2107 DA1151\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR2107 DA1151\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA1151\/5-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA1151\/5-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["521379614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["521379614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA1151\/10-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA1151\/10-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA1151\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA1151\/9-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA1151\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA1151\/11-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCRB_CU1_2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCRB_CU1_2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/00196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["514201724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["514201724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZX1614K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZX1614K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE1404H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE1404H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE2503A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE2503A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE2303A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE2303A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE2503F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE2503F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE2303F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE2303F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T15:16:38Z","timestamp":1776957398000},"page":"121848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Seasonal longitudinal effects of winter birth on psychopathology, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia-spectrum and affective disorders: Findings from the PsyCourse Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"408","author":[{"given":"Anaid","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Adorjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Amoretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ion-George","family":"Anghelescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Arolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard T.","family":"Baune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Dannlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef E.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Fallgatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Figge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemente","family":"Garcia-Rizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Guasch-Capella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Heilbronner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian U.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Juckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba Oraki","family":"Kohshour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabel","family":"Martinez-Aran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Mezquida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Navarro-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Reich-Erkelenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Z.","family":"Reininghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Senner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Schmau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva C.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Vieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Falkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Papiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Torrent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Heilbronner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-10-2","article-title":"Guidelines for rating global assessment of functioning (GAF)","author":"Aas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.01.015","article-title":"The placental immune response is dysregulated developmentally vitamin D deficient rats: relevance to autism","volume":"180","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obstetric complications and cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Amoretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00300-7","article-title":"Does risperidone act better in schizophrenic patients who have a family or obstetric history?","volume":"26","author":"Borkowska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08010089","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to maternal infection and executive dysfunction in adult schizophrenia","volume":"166","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32639","article-title":"A longitudinal approach to biological psychiatric research: the PsyCourse study","volume":"180","author":"Budde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0035","first-page":"28","article-title":"The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12076","article-title":"Birth seasonality in schizophrenia: effects of gender and income status","volume":"67","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Difficulties during delivery, brain ventricle enlargement and cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis","author":"Costas-Carrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291725100974","article-title":"Obstetric complications, cortical gyrification, and cognition in first-episode psychosis","volume":"55","author":"Costas-Carrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.016","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: season of birth and schizophrenia risk","volume":"252","author":"Coury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10892-8","article-title":"Season of birth has no effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults","volume":"12","author":"Csajb\u00f3k","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01025-0","article-title":"Vitamin D and schizophrenia: 20 years on","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007030","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of Northern Hemisphere season of birth studies in schizophrenia","author":"Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30057-2","article-title":"Prenatal and perinatal risk and protective factors for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.226","article-title":"The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology: German translation and psychometric validation","volume":"16","author":"Drieling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00040-X","article-title":"Vitamin D3 and brain development","volume":"118","author":"Eyles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35418-z","article-title":"The association between neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Eyles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105913","article-title":"Obstetric complications and psychopathology in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Forte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0100","series-title":"Cognition in Serious Mental Illness","author":"Fujii","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3371\/CSRP.GAJO.030113","article-title":"A sex-specified effect of obstetrical complications in symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Gallagher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Schizophr. Relat. Psychoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109910","article-title":"Implications of early life stress on fetal metabolic programming of schizophrenia: a focus on epiphenomena underlying morbidity and early mortality","author":"Garcia-Rizo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.06.007","article-title":"Deciphering the impact of metabolic anomalies in relation to severe mental illness","author":"Garcia-Rizo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03096-9","article-title":"Epiphenomena in psychosis: how perinatal stressful events shape long-term outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Garcia-Rizo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.02.020","article-title":"Anthropometry in antipsychotic-na\u00efve first-episode psychosis patients: an exploratory approach to the role of environmental early life events in two independent samples","volume":"266","author":"Garcia-Rizo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0357-9","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal vitamin D in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Garc\u00eda-Serna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.05.004","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and birth weight in psychosis: a fetal programming model","volume":"115","author":"Garriga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae412","article-title":"Cerebral white matter myelination is associated with longitudinal changes in processing speed across the adult lifespan","volume":"6","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012406","article-title":"Brighter children? The association between seasonality of birth and child IQ in a population-based birth cohort","volume":"7","author":"Grootendorst-van Mil","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.025","article-title":"The dual hit hypothesis of schizophrenia: evidence from animal models","author":"Guerrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0145","series-title":"The PsyCourse Codebook, Version 6.0 [WWW Document]. Open Data LMU","author":"Heilbronner","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20056","article-title":"Urbanicity, social adversity and psychosis","volume":"12","author":"Heinz","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13313","article-title":"Month of birth and mental disorders: a population-based study and validation using global meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.03.001","article-title":"The elephant in the room: medication as confounder","author":"Ilzarbe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12776","article-title":"The association between season of birth, age at onset, and clozapine use in schizophrenia","volume":"136","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.05.059","article-title":"Season of birth and population schizotypy: results from a large sample of the adult general population","volume":"242","author":"Konrath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00139-X","article-title":"Season of birth and schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from the Southern Hemisphere","volume":"35","author":"McGrath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.110","article-title":"Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia: a population-based case-control study","volume":"67","author":"McGrath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1521","article-title":"White matter lesions and season of birth of patients with bipolar affective disorder","volume":"158","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000052","article-title":"How successful are first episode programs? A review of the evidence for specialized assertive early intervention","volume":"27","author":"Nordentoft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12450","article-title":"Stability of outcomes after 5 years of treatment in an early intervention programme","volume":"12","author":"Norman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2016.57.3.784","article-title":"Potential relationship between season of birth and clinical characteristics in major depressive disorder in Koreans: results from the CRESCEND study","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1958.8.3.271","article-title":"Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage","volume":"8","author":"Reitan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.09.022","article-title":"Winter birth: a factor of poor functional outcome in a Swiss early psychosis cohort","volume":"274","author":"Restellini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.160.3.390","article-title":"The brain damage hypothesis of the seasonality of births in schizophrenia and major affective disorders: evidence from computerised tomography","volume":"160","author":"Sacchetti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.05.005","article-title":"Shaped before birth: obstetric complications identify a more severe clinical phenotype among patients presenting a first affective or non-affective episode of psychosis","volume":"151","author":"Sagu\u00e9-Vilavella","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.002","article-title":"Birth seasonality of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? A review of inpatient records","volume":"287","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105178","article-title":"Maternal respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and offspring\u2019s neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review","author":"San Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.877461","article-title":"Effect of season of birth on hippocampus volume in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with depression and schizophrenia","author":"Schaub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.11.026","article-title":"Maternal influenza infection during pregnancy impacts postnatal brain development in the Rhesus Monkey","volume":"67","author":"Short","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.754452","article-title":"Season of birth is associated with adult body mass index in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"30","author":"Soreca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2272-17.2018","article-title":"Maternal immune activation during the third trimester is associated with neonatal functional connectivity of the salience network and fetal to toddler behavior","volume":"38","author":"Spann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.04.031","article-title":"Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, risk of schizophrenia, and severity of positive\/negative symptoms","volume":"148","author":"Stathopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0265","article-title":"Season of birth and schizotypy in a sample of undergraduate students","author":"Sz\u00f6ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2023.111714","article-title":"Birth season and gross brain morphology associated with early neurodevelopment in schizophrenia spectrum patients and healthy subjects","volume":"335","author":"Takahashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. - Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00092-3","article-title":"Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature","author":"Torrey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1887","article-title":"Serum vitamin D levels in relation to schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"99","author":"Valipour","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2023.9","article-title":"Obstetric complications and clinical presentation in first episode of psychosis","author":"Verdolini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9971","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0378-21.2021","article-title":"Maternal immune activation during pregnancy alters postnatal brain growth and cognitive development in nonhuman primate offspring","volume":"41","author":"Vlasova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2020.1764013","article-title":"Is being born in spring significantly associated with early-onset bipolar affective disorder? A case-control study","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2022.131","article-title":"Cognitive trajectories following onset of psychosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0305","series-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and Wechsler Memory Scale\u2014Third Edition Technical Manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.08.026","article-title":"An association between both low and high birth weight and increased disorganized and negative symptom severity in schizophrenia and other psychoses","volume":"205","author":"Wegelius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01510-8","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of the longitudinal course of executive functions","volume":"11","author":"Wendel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.12.023","article-title":"Brain enlargement and increased behavioral and cytokine reactivity in infant monkeys following acute prenatal endotoxemia","volume":"219","author":"Willette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0325","series-title":"Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV (SKID-I und SKID-II)","author":"Wittchen","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15145-5","article-title":"Early life climate and adulthood mental health: how birth seasonality influences depressive symptoms in adults","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726007007?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726007007?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:40:32Z","timestamp":1791740432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726007007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0165032726007007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Seasonal longitudinal effects of winter birth on psychopathology, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia-spectrum and affective disorders: Findings from the PsyCourse Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121848","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121848"}}