{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:15:50Z","timestamp":1783134950915,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71904213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71904213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017357","name":"Science and Technology Projects of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005270","name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025Y9768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025Y9768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005270","name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025D026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025D026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:28:30Z","timestamp":1778858910000},"page":"121947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficacy of a WeChat mini-program-based self-management intervention for bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"410","author":[{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengling","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dali","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingtao","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0005","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Research progress of mobile application in disease self-management of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"58","author":"Ba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/15487768.2012.733295","article-title":"Using contemporary technologies in the assessment and treatment of serious mental illness","volume":"15","author":"Ben-Zeev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.40.2.4","article-title":"Barriers to self-management of serious mental illness and diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Blixen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12287","article-title":"Psychoeducation for relapse prevention in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of efficacy in randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Bond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13051","article-title":"Which factors delay treatment in bipolar disorder? A nationwide study focussed on duration of untreated illness","volume":"5","author":"Buoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12642","article-title":"Psychoeducation for psychiatric inpatients following remission of a manic episode in bipolar I disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.9899","article-title":"Engagement strategies for self-monitoring symptoms of bipolar disorder with mobile and wearable technology: protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Cochran","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2022.28","article-title":"Paediatric bipolar disorder and its controversy","volume":"35","author":"Connors","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.053","article-title":"Augmenting psychoeducation with a mobile intervention for bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"174","author":"Depp","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1709701","article-title":"Multiplicity considerations in clinical trials","volume":"378","author":"Dmitrienko","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0055","first-page":"676","article-title":"Differential validity of SAS and SDS among psychiatric non-psychotic outpatients and their partners","volume":"26","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2480","article-title":"An internet-delivered self-management programme for bipolar disorder in mental health services in Ireland: results and learnings from a feasibility trial","volume":"27","author":"Enrique","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1923","article-title":"CONSORT-EHEALTH: improving and standardizing evaluation reports of web-based and mobile health interventions","volume":"13","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0070","series-title":"Chinese guideline for the prevention and treatment of bipolar disorder (2025 edition)","author":"Fang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0075","series-title":"User\u2019s guide for the SCID-5-CV structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders: clinical version","author":"First","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/32740","article-title":"Pilot testing in the wild: feasibility, acceptability, usage patterns, and efficacy of an integrated web and smartphone platform for bipolar II disorder","volume":"6","author":"Fletcher","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Form. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0085","first-page":"180","article-title":"The international college of neuro-psychopharmacology (CINP) treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder in adults (CINP-BD-2017), part 3: the clinical guidelines","volume":"20","author":"Fountoulakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"10440","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12669","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of MoodSwings 2.0: an internet-based self-management program for bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Gliddon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116636545","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised third edition recommendations from the British association for psychopharmacology","volume":"30","author":"Goodwin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.034","article-title":"Have I argued with my family this week?: what questions do those with lived experience choose to monitor their bipolar disorder?","volume":"281","author":"Gordon-Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.4304","article-title":"Effects of a smartphone-based self-management intervention for individuals with bipolar disorder on relapse, symptom burden, and quality of life","volume":"80","author":"Goulding","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2343154","article-title":"Smartphone-based recognition of states and state changes in bipolar disorder patients","volume":"19","author":"Gr\u00fcnerbl","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22956","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and depression in early adulthood and long-term employment, income, and educational attainment: a nationwide cohort study of 2,390,127 individuals","volume":"36","author":"Hakulinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00147-5","article-title":"Should we adjust for covariates in nonlinear regression analyses of randomized trials?","volume":"19","author":"Hauck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.03.015","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and DALYs of bipolar disorder at global, regional, and national levels: results from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"125","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.042","article-title":"Psychoeducation in bipolar disorder with a SIMPLe smartphone application: feasibility, acceptability and satisfaction","volume":"200","author":"Hidalgo-Mazzei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-161","article-title":"The frequency of rehospitalization and associated factors in Colombian psychiatric patients: a cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Jaramillo-Gonzalez","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/104658","article-title":"Telemonitoring with respect to mood disorders and information and communication technologies: overview and presentation of the PSYCHE project","volume":"2014","author":"Javelot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02929-8","article-title":"Quality of life and subjective sleep-related measures in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder","volume":"31","author":"Jermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119638","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of bipolar disorder, 1990\u20132021: analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"389","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/20424","article-title":"A smartphone-based self-management intervention for bipolar disorder (LiveWell): user-centered development approach","volume":"8","author":"Jonathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.141259","article-title":"Recovery-focused cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy for recent-onset bipolar disorder: randomised controlled pilot trial","volume":"206","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.058","article-title":"Gender differences in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder: a study of 7354 patients","volume":"174","author":"Karanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2017.214","article-title":"The PsyLOG mobile application: development of a tool for the assessment and monitoring of side effects of psychotropic medication","volume":"29","author":"Kuzman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0185","first-page":"2186","article-title":"Development and test of reliability and validity of self-management scale for patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"57","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.008","article-title":"A randomized head to head trial of MoodSwings.net.au: an internet based self-help program for bipolar disorder","volume":"171","author":"Lauder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/42786","article-title":"The effect of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy on major depressive disorder: randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.085","article-title":"Correlates of deliberate self-harm among youth with bipolar disorder","volume":"302","author":"Llamocca","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02179.x","article-title":"Multiple comparison procedures updated","volume":"25","author":"Ludbrook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121243","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of five major mental disorders in working-age population, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.975","article-title":"Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients","volume":"62","author":"Marshall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10265","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00865.x","article-title":"Development of the QoL.BD: a disorder-specific scale to assess quality of life in bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Michalak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.057","article-title":"Effective self-management strategies for bipolar disorder: a community-engaged Delphi Consensus Consultation study","volume":"206","author":"Michalak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2993","article-title":"Adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Miklowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.018","article-title":"\u2018Taking back the reins\u2019 \u2013 a qualitative study of the meaning and experience of self-management in bipolar disorder","volume":"228","author":"Morton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.710","article-title":"Self-management strategies used by \u2018high functioning\u2019 individuals with bipolar disorder: from research to clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.02.024","article-title":"Online mindfulness-based intervention for late-stage bipolar disorder: pilot evidence for feasibility and effectiveness","volume":"178","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000684","article-title":"Mindfulness-based online intervention to improve quality of life in late-stage bipolar disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"Murray","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.11.040","article-title":"Self-management in young adults with bipolar disorder: strategies and challenges","volume":"209","author":"Nicholas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0265","article-title":"Bipolar disorders: an update on critical aspects","volume":"48","author":"Oliva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20386","article-title":"Intention-to-treat in randomized controlled trials: Recommendations for a total trial strategy","volume":"33","author":"Polit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Nurs. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(96)80446-0","article-title":"Inpatient self-management of bipolar disorder","volume":"9","author":"Pollack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-3-5","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the functioning assessment short test (FAST) in bipolar disorder","volume":"3","author":"Rosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1176530","article-title":"Management of inter-episodic periods in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"16","author":"Samalin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000228249","article-title":"Functioning and disability in bipolar disorder: an extensive review","volume":"78","author":"Sanchez-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb3030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0752-3","article-title":"Treatment of functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"9","author":"Sanchez-Moreno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.11.005","article-title":"Experiences of remote mood and activity monitoring in bipolar disorder: a qualitative study","volume":"41","author":"Saunders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00949.x","article-title":"Beating Bipolar: exploratory trial of a novel internet-based psychoeducational treatment for bipolar disorder","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12871","article-title":"Heterogeneity of functional outcomes in patients with bipolar disorder: a cluster-analytic approach","volume":"137","author":"Sol\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/29114","article-title":"Process and outcome evaluations of smartphone apps for bipolar disorder: scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Tatham","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.027","article-title":"A web-based self-management intervention for bipolar disorder \u2018living with bipolar\u2019: a feasibility randomised controlled trial","volume":"169","author":"Todd","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12070971","article-title":"Efficacy of functional remediation in bipolar disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled study","volume":"170","author":"Torrent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0325","series-title":"Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology. A Practical Guide","author":"Twisk","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2019.1636166","article-title":"Self-management education for bipolar disorders: a hermeneutic-phenomenological study on the tacit knowledge of mental health nurses","volume":"40","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Issues Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12849","article-title":"A comparative study of engagement in mobile and wearable health monitoring for bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Van Til","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20351","article-title":"Functional remediation: the pathway from remission to recovery in bipolar disorder","volume":"15","author":"Vieta","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445513518421","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of a mobile intervention to improve treatment adherence in bipolar disorder: a pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Wenze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Modif."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044977","article-title":"Effect of an online healthy lifestyle psychoeducation programme to improve cardiometabolic outcomes and affective symptoms in youth receiving mental health care: study protocol for a pilot clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.074","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the brief version of quality of life in bipolar disorder (Bref QoL.BD) among Chinese bipolar patients","volume":"193","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609","article-title":"Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) and international society for bipolar disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Yatham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.019","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the functioning assessment short test (FAST) in bipolar disorder","volume":"238","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.5.660","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Chinese Hamilton Depression Rating Scale","volume":"152","author":"Zheng","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0","article-title":"A rating instrument for anxiety disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726007998?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726007998?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:18:04Z","timestamp":1783131484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726007998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0165032726007998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of a WeChat mini-program-based self-management intervention for bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121947","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121947"}}