{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:08:07Z","timestamp":1780304887740,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:05:20Z","timestamp":1778861120000},"page":"121966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Real-World treatment patterns in inpatients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder in China: A descriptive longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"410","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huairong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2024.111990","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic correlates of DSM-5 mixed features in subjects with bipolar depression and mania: A cross-sectional study","volume":"188","author":"Bartoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21300","article-title":"Bipolar II disorder: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"24","author":"Berk","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796024000337","article-title":"Mortality risk and mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder: a propensity-score-weighted population-based cohort study in 2002-2018","volume":"33","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.58608","article-title":"Lithium for bipolar disorder and risk of thyroid dysfunction and chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00411-5","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of pharmacological maintenance treatment of bipolar depression: a within-subject analysis in a Swedish nationwide cohort","volume":"12","author":"Ermis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0030","series-title":"Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar Disorder","author":"Fang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.057","article-title":"Depressive symptoms carry an increased risk for suicidal ideation and behavior in bipolar disorder without any additional contribution of mixed symptoms","volume":"246","author":"Fiedorowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13474","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of lithium-treated older adults with bipolar disorder","volume":"146","author":"Forlenza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.70016","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of lithium-treated older adults with bipolar disorder: a replication study from the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE-BD) Project","volume":"152","author":"Forlenza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00324-9","article-title":"Risk of chronic kidney disease in individuals on lithium therapy in Iceland: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Gislason","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0055","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders","volume":"381","author":"Goes","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin. Res. Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1384850","article-title":"The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: acute and long-term treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder","volume":"19","author":"Grunze","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30511-X","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00545-3","article-title":"NICE guidance on psychological treatments for bipolar disorder: searching for the evidence","volume":"3","author":"Jauhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2025.01.008","article-title":"Prescription sequences in bipolar disorder - a nationwide Danish register-based study of 19,927 individuals followed for 10 years","volume":"93","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-023-00322-7","article-title":"Why is lithium [not] the drug of choice for bipolar disorder? a controversy between science and clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Kessing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.08.015","article-title":"Real-world use of pharmacological treatments for incident bipolar disorder: a Finnish nationwide cohort study","volume":"340","author":"Koistinaho","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.75","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder: register-based national cohort study","volume":"223","author":"L\u00e4hteenvuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.018","article-title":"Prescribing changes for bipolar patients discharged from two public psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan, 2006-2019","volume":"318","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2022.20.1.61","article-title":"Prescription Patterns for Bipolar Disorder in Asian Countries: Findings from Research on Asian Prescription Pattern-Bipolar Disorder","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond., Engl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722001489","article-title":"Characterizing the longitudinal course of symptoms and functioning in bipolar disorder","volume":"54","author":"Mignogna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.08.264","article-title":"Preventing new episodes of bipolar disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"54","author":"Nestsiarovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.18588","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder: a review","volume":"330","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.5","article-title":"Response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: nationwide observational follow-up study","volume":"9","author":"Nygren","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0130","article-title":"Bipolar disorders: an update on critical aspects","volume":"48","author":"Oliva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Region. Health Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-025-01593-w","article-title":"Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE-BD): building a global consortium benefiting people with bipolar disorder in later life","volume":"27","author":"Orhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatr. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-020-00215-z","article-title":"Overview of lithium's use: a nationwide survey","volume":"9","author":"P\u00e9rez de Mendiola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13504","article-title":"Twenty-year medication use trends in first-episode bipolar disorder","volume":"146","author":"Poranen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000449417","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the risk of subsequent mood episodes in bipolar disorder","volume":"86","author":"Radua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13366","article-title":"Patterns of pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder: a GBC survey","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01140-7","article-title":"Bipolar disorder","volume":"406","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond., Engl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13017","article-title":"Prevention of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Tondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf013","article-title":"Antidepressants in the treatment of bipolar depression: commentary","volume":"28","author":"V\u00e1zquez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13040","article-title":"Long-term treatment of bipolar disorder type I: a systematic and critical review of clinical guidelines with derived practice algorithms","volume":"23","author":"Verdolini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0185","series-title":"ATC\/DDD Index 2025","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Yatham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13135","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) recommendations for the management of patients with bipolar disorder with mixed presentations","volume":"23","author":"Yatham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00199-2","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for acute bipolar depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Yildiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-025-01606-8","article-title":"Global trends in the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of bipolar disorder","volume":"27","author":"Yocum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatr. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04995gre","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine and lithium monotherapy in adults in the acute phase of bipolar depression (EMBOLDEN I)","volume":"71","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183694","article-title":"Glucosamine use is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with osteoarthritis: results from a large study in 685,778 subjects","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119920","article-title":"Patterns and trends of medication use among patients with bipolar disorder in Northeast China: a study from a large psychiatric center (2013\u22122022)","volume":"390","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726008189?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726008189?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T08:38:37Z","timestamp":1780303117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726008189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0165032726008189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-World treatment patterns in inpatients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder in China: A descriptive longitudinal study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121966","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121966"}}