{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:32:32Z","timestamp":1793385152157,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,25]],"date-time":"2027-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1819152000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006733","name":"Indiana University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32MH103213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32MH103213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31MH134597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31MH134597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:54:06Z","timestamp":1786722846000},"page":"122386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antipsychotic medication and the prevention of psychiatric emergencies in difficult-to-treat adolescent depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"414","author":[{"given":"Linnea","family":"Sepe-Forrest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Meraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya E.","family":"Froehlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"D'Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13628","article-title":"Antipsychotics in the maintenance phase for psychotic depression","volume":"149","author":"Al-Wandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0146","article-title":"A double-blind efficacy and safety study of duloxetine flexible dosing in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"24","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2022.9","article-title":"Akathisia and atypical antipsychotics: Relation to suicidality, agitation and depression in a clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Bjarke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2022.0065","article-title":"Prevalence and factors affecting the use of antipsychotics and antipsychotic polypharmacy in a child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient service","volume":"33","author":"B\u00fcber","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150619092903","article-title":"Off-label prescribing of antipsychotics in adults, children and elderly individuals: a systematic review of recent prescription trends","volume":"21","author":"Carton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283413505","article-title":"Second-generation antipsychotics in major depressive disorder: update and clinical perspective","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab158","article-title":"An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research","volume":"15","author":"Chesnaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0251","article-title":"The increasing burden of psychiatric emergencies: a call to action","volume":"143","author":"Chun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000810","article-title":"Sociodemographic, psychiatric and somatic risk factors for suicide: a Swedish national cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Crump","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0138","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of selegiline transdermal system in depressed adolescents","volume":"24","author":"DelBello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.03.021","article-title":"Systematic review and network meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics in youths with bipolar depression","volume":"61","author":"DelBello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13202","article-title":"Annual research review: defining and treating pediatric treatment-resistant depression","volume":"61","author":"Dwyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.005","article-title":"Trends in antipsychotic prescribing in Medicaid-eligible youth","volume":"56","author":"Edelsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09040552","article-title":"Treatment of resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes","volume":"167","author":"Emslie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000419","article-title":"Neurological adverse effects of antipsychotics in children and adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Garcia-Amador","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.082","article-title":"Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for unipolar and bipolar depression in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"339","author":"Garcia-Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10971","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication treatment patterns in adult depression","volume":"79","author":"Gerhard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22378","article-title":"The American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology survey of psychopharmacologists\u2019 practice patterns for the treatment of mood disorders","volume":"32","author":"Goldberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0100","author":"Greifer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249532","article-title":"Mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs in mood disorders","volume":"21","author":"Grinchii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2012.678817","article-title":"Psychological consequences of obesity: weight bias and body image in overweight and obese youth","volume":"24","author":"Harriger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0115","article-title":"Tricyclic drugs for depression in children and adolescents","volume":"2013","author":"Hazell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21383","article-title":"Target trial emulation: a framework for causal inference from observational data","volume":"328","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: Leading causes for 2017","volume":"68","author":"Heron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2022-300493","article-title":"Associations between antipsychotics and risk of violent crimes and suicidal behaviour in personality disorder","volume":"25","author":"Herttua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.050","article-title":"Predictors of re-attempt in a cohort of suicide attempters: a survival analysis","volume":"247","author":"Irigoyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1359","article-title":"Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000745","article-title":"Efficacy and safety\/tolerability of antipsychotics in the treatment of adult patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0150","first-page":"495","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of suicide and attempted suicide","volume":"20","author":"Lejoyeux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.prcp.20190001","article-title":"Economic burden of treatment-resistant depression among patients hospitalized for major depressive disorder in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-160","article-title":"Quetiapine monotherapy in acute phase for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Maneeton","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030312","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials","volume":"166","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.07.001","article-title":"Mental disorder diagnoses among children and adolescents who use antipsychotic drugs","volume":"26","author":"Nesv\u00e5g","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0175","unstructured":"Office of Civil Rights. Guidance Regarding Methods for De-identification of Protected Health Information in Accordance With the Health Information Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule (dated as September 4, 2012, as first released on November 26, 2012)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0500","article-title":"Treatment of young people with antipsychotic medications in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Olfson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.844","article-title":"Excess mortality in bipolar and unipolar disorder in Sweden","volume":"58","author":"\u00d6sby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv054","article-title":"An algorithm to identify medication nonpersistence using electronic pharmacy databases","volume":"22","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-016-0259-2","article-title":"Update on the safety of second generation antipsychotics in youths: a call for collaboration among paediatricians and child psychiatrists","volume":"42","author":"Pisano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17101700","article-title":"Do atypical antipsychotics have antisuicidal effects? A hypothesis-generating overview","volume":"17","author":"Pompili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00404-7","article-title":"Trends in antipsychotic prescribing to children and adolescents in England: Cohort study using 2000\u201319 primary care data","volume":"10","author":"Radoj\u010di\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3421","article-title":"Association of antipsychotic treatment with risk of unexpected death among children and youths","volume":"76","author":"Ray","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4573","article-title":"Antipsychotic medications and mortality in children and young adults","volume":"81","author":"Ray","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.030","article-title":"Mortality in treatment-resistant unipolar depression: a register-based cohort study in Sweden","volume":"238","author":"Reutfors","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00098-1","article-title":"Comparative physiological effects of antipsychotic drugs in children and young people: a network meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Rogdaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2018.1484373","article-title":"Changes in healthcare resource use and costs associated with early versus delayed initiation of atypical antipsychotic adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder","volume":"21","author":"Seetasith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12974","article-title":"Impact of body weight perceptions and electronic bullying on suicide-related risk behaviors among youth: results from youth risk behavior surveillance system, 2015","volume":"91","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003784","article-title":"National trends in off-label use of atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents in the United States","volume":"95","author":"Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S117321","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and risks associated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review","volume":"13","author":"Solmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197850","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.7850","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment among youths with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"2","author":"Sultan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0255","series-title":"Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2017 Conference, Orlando, FL, USA","first-page":"2","article-title":"Propensity score methods for causal inference with the PSMATCH procedure","author":"Yuan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv060","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic augmentation for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726012395?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726012395?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:00:21Z","timestamp":1793383221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726012395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0165032726012395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antipsychotic medication and the prevention of psychiatric emergencies in difficult-to-treat adolescent depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122386","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122386"}}