{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:54:46Z","timestamp":1790830486472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref 18190651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref 18190651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T23:36:19Z","timestamp":1787268979000},"page":"122401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Healthcare burden of comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes and conventional risk factors \u2013 a population-based mediation analysis of 0.5 million Chinese people"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"415","author":[{"given":"Edith W.K.","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.H.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice P.S.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.W.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana C.N.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea O.Y.","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.5.521","article-title":"Arterial endothelial function is impaired in treated depression","volume":"88","author":"Broadley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200009000-00007","article-title":"Change in heart rate and heart rate variability during treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"62","author":"Carney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S379174","article-title":"Depression, diabetes mellitus and mortality in older adults: a national cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000385","article-title":"Early development, stress and depression across the life course: pathways to depression in a national British birth cohort","volume":"44","author":"Colman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00015","article-title":"Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"de Groot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.033","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression","volume":"67","author":"Dowlati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-2433-8","article-title":"Mortality and risk assessment for anorexia nervosa in acute-care hospitals: a nationwide administrative database analysis","volume":"20","author":"Edakubo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04999-z","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study based on NHANES 2005-2018 data","volume":"23","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0289-5","article-title":"Systematic review and assessment of validated case definitions for depression in administrative data","volume":"14","author":"Fiest","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00050-2","article-title":"Revisiting the theoretical and methodological foundations of depression measurement","volume":"1","author":"Fried","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.964","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disturbances in depression","volume":"23","author":"Germain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0060","series-title":"Big Data in Psychiatry & Neurology","first-page":"155","article-title":"Chapter 8 - the use of big data in psychiatry\u2014the role of administrative databases","author":"Gon\u00e7alves-Pinho","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1341","article-title":"Depression and diabetes treatment nonadherence: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724002575","article-title":"Co-occurrence between mental disorders and physical diseases: a study of nationwide primary-care medical records","volume":"54","author":"Hanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107710","article-title":"Depression and cardiovascular disease events among patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with bias analysis","volume":"34","author":"Inoue","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041249","article-title":"Effects of women\u2019s work-family multiple role and role combination on depressive symptoms in Korea","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2004.30405.x","article-title":"Cardiac risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus and major depression","volume":"19","author":"Katon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01295-9","article-title":"The prevalence of comorbid depression in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on huge number of observational studies","volume":"56","author":"Khaledi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001988","article-title":"Risk of high depressive symptoms after the final menstrual period: the Study of Women\u2019s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)","volume":"29","author":"Kravitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00708-0","article-title":"The interplay between diabetes mellitus and menopause: clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Lambrinoudaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2017.41.2.81","article-title":"A clinical practice guideline to guide a system approach to diabetes care in Hong Kong","volume":"41","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1068","article-title":"Depression and advanced complications of diabetes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0115","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in China","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.934","article-title":"Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Lustman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171200027X","article-title":"Examining variation in depressive symptoms over the life course: a latent class analysis","volume":"42","author":"Mezuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0985","article-title":"Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mezuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00134-5","article-title":"The link between depression and diabetes: the search for shared mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Moulton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1874-x","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Nouwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14054","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between depression and diabetes complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Nouwen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14607","article-title":"Sleep, circadian rhythms, and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"96","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.11.003","article-title":"The prevalence of comorbid depression in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"13","author":"Pashaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2026.112780","article-title":"Major depression and atherosclerotic disease: linking shared genetics to pathways in blood, brain, heart, and atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"106","author":"Pruin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.77","article-title":"Association of childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders with adult-onset chronic physical conditions","volume":"68","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000951","article-title":"Causal relationships between blood lipids and depression phenotypes: a Mendelian randomisation analysis","volume":"51","author":"So","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr597","article-title":"MissForest\u2014non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data","volume":"28","author":"Stekhoven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820ad12b","article-title":"Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: a quantitative summary of four decades of research","volume":"73","author":"Stetler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000310","article-title":"Relationship between diabetic nephropathy and depression: a cross-sectional analysis using the Diabetes Study from the Center of Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University (DIACET)","volume":"4","author":"Takasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0387","article-title":"Ten-year effectiveness of the multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM) on macrovascular and microvascular complications and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.01.012","article-title":"High risk for cardiovascular disease in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with major depression\u2014a 7-year prospective analysis of the Hong Kong DiabetesRegistry","volume":"149","author":"Ting","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.01.012","article-title":"High risk for cardiovascular disease in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with major depression\u2014a 7-year prospective analysis of the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry","volume":"149","author":"Ting","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"Mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2024.108878","article-title":"Individual and joint effects of diabetes and depression on incident cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: results from a population-based cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050071008","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system activity in major depression. Basal and desipramine-induced alterations in plasma norepinephrine kinetics","volume":"51","author":"Veith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0426","article-title":"Five-year effectiveness of the multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM) on diabetes-related complications and health service uses-a population-based and propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30391-6","article-title":"Prevalence and independent risk factors of depression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112014","article-title":"The role of depression and diabetes distress in glycemic control: a meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"Wojujutari Ajele","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1284799","article-title":"Associations of comorbid depression with cardiovascular-renal events and all-cause mortality accounting for patient reported outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a 6-year prospective analysis of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register","volume":"15","author":"Yeung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12238","article-title":"Depression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: associations with hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and poor treatment adherence","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","article-title":"Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726012541?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032726012541?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:55:56Z","timestamp":1790826956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032726012541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0165032726012541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Healthcare burden of comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes and conventional risk factors \u2013 a population-based mediation analysis of 0.5 million Chinese people","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.122401","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122401"}}