{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:52:05Z","timestamp":1788871925475,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["R01s AG018386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01s AG018386"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["AG022381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG022381"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["AG022982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG022982"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["R01 AG018384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG018384"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["257075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["257075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Vietnam Era Twin Registry"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T04:31:58Z","timestamp":1392784318000},"page":"1603-1612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms and Adult Attachment: A 24-year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Carol E.","family":"Franz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Spoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Hauger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen C.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Lohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Panizzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming T.","family":"Tsuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrie","family":"Vasilopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Vuoksimaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Kremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib1","series-title":"Attachment and Loss","author":"Bowlby","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01832.x","article-title":"Lending a hand: social regulation of the neural response to threat","volume":"17","author":"Coan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860120038348","article-title":"Explanation for low prevalence of PTSD among older Finnish war veterans: social solidarity and continued significance given to wartime sufferings","volume":"5","author":"Hautamaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib4","series-title":"A\u00a0secure base: clinical applications of attachment theory","author":"Bowlby","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003","article-title":"An attachment perspective on psychopathology","volume":"11","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21760","article-title":"Attachment, personality characteristics, and posttraumatic stress disorder in U.S. veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"25","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765608319085","article-title":"The attachment characteristics of combat veterans with PTSD","volume":"14","author":"Renaud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21752","article-title":"Attachment and mental health symptoms among U.S. Afghanistan and Iraq veterans seeking health care services","volume":"25","author":"Currier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085650","article-title":"Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"59","author":"Charuvastra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib10","first-page":"54","article-title":"The impact of attachment style on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in\u00a0postdeployed service members","author":"Escolas","year":"2012","journal-title":"US Army Med Dep J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22083","article-title":"Psychological resilience in older U.S. veterans: results from the national health and resilience in veterans study","volume":"30","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib12","series-title":"Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics and Change","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181fe73fa","article-title":"Attachment style in the prediction of recovery following group treatment of combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"198","author":"Forbes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027509333447","article-title":"The life-long mortality risks of World War II experiences","volume":"31","author":"Elder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002856","article-title":"Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population","volume":"42","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp146","article-title":"The physical and mental health of Australian Vietnam veterans 3 decades after the war and its relation to military service, combat, and post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"170","author":"O'Toole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbq072","article-title":"Military service and men's health trajectories in later life","volume":"65","author":"Wilmoth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167205282741","article-title":"Attachment and psychological adaptation in high exposure survivors of the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center","volume":"32","author":"Fraley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002808","article-title":"Complex trauma of war captivity: a prospective study of attachment and post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"38","author":"Solomon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000004591","article-title":"The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: method of construction","volume":"36","author":"Eisen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220127912","article-title":"The Harvard Twin Study of Substance Abuse: what we have learned","volume":"9","author":"Tsuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.86","article-title":"VETSA: the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging","volume":"16","author":"Kremen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib23","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: The Veteran Population Projection Model 2011 (VetPop2011). (online). Available at: http:\/\/www.va.gov\/vetdata\/veteran_population.asp. Accessed February 26, 2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib24","series-title":"Health Data For All Ages","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440090061027","article-title":"A\u00a0twin study of the effects of the Vietnam War on posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"263","author":"Goldberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820160019002","article-title":"A\u00a0twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to liability for posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"50","author":"True","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025714729117","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist\u2013Civilian Version","volume":"16","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib28","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Litz BT, Herman DS, et\u00a0al: The PTSD Checklist (PCL): reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the ISTSS; San Antonio, TX 1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib29","series-title":"Attachment Theory and Close Relationships","first-page":"46","article-title":"Self-report measurement of adut romantic attachment: an integrative overview","author":"Brennan","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-010-9428-z","article-title":"Adult romantic attachment, negative emotionality, and depressive symptoms in middle aged men: a multivariate genetic analysis","volume":"41","author":"Franz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","article-title":"Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium","volume":"76","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Monogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib33","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21997","article-title":"Early interventions for PTSD: a review","volume":"29","author":"Kearns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20339","article-title":"Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories","volume":"21","author":"Cloitre","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182303775","article-title":"Medical comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in US adults: results from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"73","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.006","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life: extension of findings to veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"29","author":"Schnurr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.03.012","article-title":"Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae","volume":"62","author":"Kremen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b1273","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1273","article-title":"Baseline self reported functional health and vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder after combat deployment: prospective US military cohort study","volume":"338","author":"LeardMann","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32154","article-title":"Gene\u2013environment interaction of ApoE genotype and combat exposure on PTSD","volume":"162","author":"Lyons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064748114000736?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064748114000736?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T10:52:43Z","timestamp":1538823163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1064748114000736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1064748114000736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7481","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}