{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T04:39:47Z","timestamp":1780807187777,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008802","name":"Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T14:41:46Z","timestamp":1749220906000},"page":"101135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, for the prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicentric randomized hydroxychloroquine controlled clinical trial in Indian health care workers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Renuka","family":"Kulkarni-Munshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Talmohite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9706-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandhya","family":"Kamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Khobragade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Himanshu","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Kajaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Darnule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4460-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shobha","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5866-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Kansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Munot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipti","family":"Kumbhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raakhi","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snehalata","family":"Gajbhiye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmaja","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaee","family":"Parvatkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhaiwat","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakashkumar","family":"Panchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayashree","family":"Bhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viswajanani","family":"Sattigeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Amarsheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Avhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilima","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3744-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilip M.","family":"Mondhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib1","first-page":"208","article-title":"An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr J Tradit, Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.623795","article-title":"Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: opportunity for clinical repurposing in COVID-19 management","volume":"12","author":"Saggam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114101","article-title":"Rational use of ashwagandha in Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine) for health and healing","volume":"276","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2021.100434","article-title":"Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) for the treatment and enhancement of mental and physical conditions: a systematic review of human trials","volume":"28","author":"Lopresti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Herb Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib5","first-page":"904","article-title":"Biological activity of withanolides","volume":"59","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sci Ind Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030611","article-title":"Withania somnifera: progress towards a pharmaceutical agent for immunomodulation and cancer therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Kashyap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic uses of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) with a note on withanolides and its pharmacological actions","volume":"4","author":"Verma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Pharmaceut Clin Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib8","first-page":"334","article-title":"Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review","volume":"5","author":"Mishra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alternative Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib9","article-title":"Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): a review","volume":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.106022","article-title":"A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults","volume":"34","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib11","first-page":"50","article-title":"A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress related parameters in chronically stressed humans: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"11","author":"Auddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"JANA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2014.0177","article-title":"An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)","volume":"20","author":"Pratte","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alternative Compl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(95)01318-0","article-title":"Studies on the immunomodulatory effects of Ashwagandha","volume":"50","author":"Ziauddin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/571420","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of the root extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in oligospermic males: a pilot study","volume":"2013","author":"Ambiye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735412464551","article-title":"Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Biswal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17m11826","article-title":"Adjunctive use of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to treat symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"79","author":"Chengappa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1809-z","article-title":"Comparable efficacy of standardized Ayurveda formulation and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a randomized investigator-blind controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Chopra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216641830","article-title":"Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Choudhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1284970","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions","volume":"14","author":"Choudhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diet Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.03.012","article-title":"A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep quality in healthy adults","volume":"72","author":"Deshpande","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/284154","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract in improving sexual function in women: a pilot study","volume":"2015","author":"Dongre","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371903100208","article-title":"Effects of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on depression and anxiety symptoms in persons with schizophrenia participating in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Gannon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib24","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract in insomnia and anxiety: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"11","author":"Langade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017186","article-title":"An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"98","author":"Lopresti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7788.72485","article-title":"Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) on physical performance and cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy young adults","volume":"1","author":"Sandhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Ayurveda Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2017.0183","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alternative Compl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib28","first-page":"370","article-title":"The comparative effect of milk fortified with Aswagandha, Aswagandha and Punarnava in children-a double-blind study","volume":"1","author":"Venkataraghavan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Res Ayur Sid"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-015-0104-9","article-title":"Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Wankhede","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00065-3","article-title":"Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extracts in experimental immune inflammation","volume":"67","author":"Agarwal","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523017666181116092934","article-title":"In vivo, extract from Withania somnifera root ameliorates arthritis via regulation of key immune mediators of inflammation in experimental model of arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102768","article-title":"Withania somnifera as a safer option to hydroxychloroquine in the chemoprophylaxis of COVID-19: results of interim analysis","volume":"62","author":"Chopra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compl Ther Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib33","first-page":"11","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine for SARS CoV2 prophylaxis in healthcare workers-A multicentric cohort study assessing effectiveness and safety","volume":"69","author":"Dinesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1828062","article-title":"Use of hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure prophylaxis in COVID 19: debate and suggested future course","volume":"19","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2294_20","article-title":"Safety of hydroxychloroquine in healthcare workers for COVID-19 prophylaxis","volume":"153","author":"Faruqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.100168","article-title":"Exploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in healthy volunteers","volume":"3","author":"Raut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ayurveda Integr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102642","article-title":"Safety of ashwagandha root extract: a randomized, placebo-controlled, study in healthy volunteers","volume":"57","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compl Ther Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0975947625000117?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0975947625000117?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:16:18Z","timestamp":1762348578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0975947625000117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0975947625000117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-9476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-9476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, for the prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicentric randomized hydroxychloroquine controlled clinical trial in Indian health care workers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaim.2025.101135","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Science and Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101135"}}