{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:02:58Z","timestamp":1791669778391,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T03:38:04Z","timestamp":1611373084000},"page":"1152-1162.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Eosinophilia in Asthma Patients Is Protective Against Severe COVID-19 Illness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9799-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Ferastraoaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golda","family":"Hudes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Jerschow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunit","family":"Jariwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merhunisa","family":"Karagic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rosenstreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30167-3","article-title":"Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection?","volume":"8","author":"Halpin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200502-016AW","article-title":"Asthma death, CD8+ T cells, and viruses","volume":"2","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006","article-title":"Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan","volume":"146","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.029","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of patients with asthma hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2pneumonia: a single-center, retrospective study","volume":"125","author":"Lombardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6915e3","article-title":"Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019\u2014COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004500","article-title":"Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle Region\u2014case series","volume":"382","author":"Bhatraju","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-613RL","article-title":"Asthma in COVID-19 hospitalizations: an overestimated risk factor?","volume":"17","author":"Broadhurst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.08.2208","article-title":"The effects of diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke on quality-adjusted life expectancy","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.013","article-title":"ACE2, TMPRSS2, and furin gene expression in the airways of people with asthma\u2014implications for COVID-19","volume":"146","author":"Bradding","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0821OC","article-title":"COVID-19-related genes in sputum cells in asthma. Relationship to demographic features and corticosteroids","volume":"202","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.05.006","article-title":"Asthma prolongs intubation in COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Mahdavinia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY","volume":"584","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib18","author":"Morgan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02451-9","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection","volume":"52","author":"Henry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.013","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study","volume":"368","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181df0f3b","article-title":"Democratizing information creation from health care data for quality improvement, research, and education-the Montefiore Medical Center Experience","volume":"85","author":"Bellin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201310-354OC","article-title":"Blood eosinophil count is a useful biomarker to identify patients with severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"11","author":"Katz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib25","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"8","author":"Bakakos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110024","article-title":"Effects of corticosteroids on eosinophil chemotaxis and adherence","volume":"67","author":"Altman","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0543OC","article-title":"Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A retrospective observational study","volume":"201","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.013","article-title":"Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained Lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021","article-title":"Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination","volume":"146","author":"Lindsley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.11.008","article-title":"Allergic endotypes and phenotypes of asthma","volume":"8","author":"Akar-Ghibril","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.10.005","article-title":"Biomarkers for severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"140","author":"Yancey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.009","article-title":"Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2","volume":"146","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.051","article-title":"Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and coincident host response signature varies by asthma inflammatory phenotype","volume":"146","author":"Camiolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.004","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in airway epithelial cells","volume":"146","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2004.00137.x","article-title":"Childhood severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus infections and asthma","volume":"15","author":"Van Bever","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.06.010","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"146","author":"Chhiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.05.006","article-title":"Study on the effect and mechanism of the dysfunction of CD4(+) T cells in the disease process of chronic cardiac failure","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.011","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"138","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7281462","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7281462","article-title":"Th1\/17-biased inflammatory environment associated with COPD alters the response of airway epithelial cells to viral and bacterial stimuli","volume":"2019","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S136592","article-title":"Th17 profile in COPD exacerbations","volume":"12","author":"Ponce-Gallegos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.07.018","article-title":"Risk factors for hospitalization, intensive care and mortality among patients with asthma and COVID-19","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","article-title":"Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program","volume":"181","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0622","article-title":"Increased risk of exacerbation and hospitalization in subjects with an overlap phenotype: COPD-asthma","volume":"145","author":"Menezes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000547","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis","volume":"55","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000775","article-title":"Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25889","article-title":"The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13057","article-title":"Blood eosinophils: the forgotten man of inhaled steroid dose titration","volume":"48","author":"Jabbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30415-X","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19-related death among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform","volume":"8","author":"Schultze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.031","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 treatments in patients with severe asthma by blood eosinophil thresholds: Indirect treatment comparison","volume":"143","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2018.1514627","article-title":"The association of environmental, meteorological, and pollen count variables with asthma-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations in the Bronx","volume":"56","author":"Witonsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Asthma"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219820314094?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219820314094?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:26:57Z","timestamp":1761974817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219820314094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219820314094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Eosinophilia in Asthma Patients Is Protective Against Severe COVID-19 Illness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}