{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:16:51Z","timestamp":1785190611293,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008616","name":"Rush University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T07:58:02Z","timestamp":1624521482000},"page":"3797-3804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Defining the Allergic Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Structured Histopathology and Clinical Variables"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby A.","family":"Tajudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah N.","family":"Kuhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gattuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete S.","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Mahdavinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.049","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: inflammation","volume":"128","author":"Van Crombruggen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.036","article-title":"Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: a PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","volume":"131","author":"Akdis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-017-0048-5","article-title":"Subtyping of polyposis nasi: phenotypes, endotypes and comorbidities","volume":"27","author":"Koennecke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-009-0031-4","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: what is the difference?","volume":"9","author":"Huvenne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24418","article-title":"Analysis of comorbidities and objective parameters in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"123","author":"Batra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2979","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps or polypoid mucosa have a greater burden of illness","volume":"21","author":"Banerji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0301-5","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps","volume":"264","author":"Toros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23671","article-title":"Symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps","volume":"123","author":"Dietz de Loos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000147922.12228.1f","article-title":"Significance of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis: symptoms and surgical outcomes","volume":"114","author":"Deal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2978","article-title":"Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with sinonasal polyposis","volume":"21","author":"Poetker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x","article-title":"Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammatory mediators","volume":"61","author":"Van Zele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112374","article-title":"Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"107","author":"Bachert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200204000-00026","article-title":"Polypoid mucosa with eosinophilia and glandular hyperplasia in chronic sinusitis: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study","volume":"112","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21969","article-title":"Evidence for distinct histologic profile of nasal polyps with and without eosinophilia","volume":"121","author":"Payne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.07.036","article-title":"Histological and immunological features of non-eosinophilic nasal polyps","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.063","article-title":"Heterogeneous inflammatory patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chicago, Illinois","volume":"139","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.12.1324","article-title":"Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers","volume":"137","author":"Tomassen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.06.006","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes","volume":"117","author":"Steinke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21661","article-title":"Subepithelial inflammatory load and basement membrane thickening in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a histopathological study","volume":"6","author":"Bassiouni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21943","article-title":"Inflammatory infiltrate and mucosal remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps: structured histopathologic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Kuhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E61","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27564","article-title":"Dexpramipexole depletes blood and tissue eosinophils in nasal polyps with no change in polyp size","volume":"129","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2011.01.007","article-title":"New clinical diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"38","author":"Sakuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21032","article-title":"Structured histopathology profiling of chronic rhinosinusitis in routine practice","volume":"2","author":"Snidvongs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.05.018","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"117","author":"Mahdavinia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.10.014","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in an academic setting","volume":"7","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000","article-title":"EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists","volume":"50","author":"Fokkens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21674","article-title":"Prevalence of confirmed asthma varies in chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes","volume":"6","author":"Promsopa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000147917.43615.c0","article-title":"Molecular and cellular staging for the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"114","author":"Kountakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3613","article-title":"Association between severity of asthma and degree of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.020","article-title":"Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: a meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"135","author":"Rajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899781367500","article-title":"Correlation of allergy and severity of sinus disease","volume":"13","author":"Ramadan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2907","article-title":"The relationship between atopy and chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"20","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3284","article-title":"Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy","volume":"23","author":"Pearlman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20025","article-title":"Atopic profile of patients failing medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"1","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.04.012","article-title":"Evaluating the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis based on clinical guidelines and endoscopy","volume":"143","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib37","series-title":"Atopy. StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Vaillant","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.037","article-title":"New childhood and adult reference intervals for total IgE","volume":"133","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl S29","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24654","article-title":"Modification of the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system improves its reliability and correlation with patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"124","author":"Psaltis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.12.027","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease","volume":"5","author":"Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.7.701","article-title":"Total IgE levels and peripheral eosinophilia: correlation with mucosal disease based on computed tomographic imaging of the paranasal sinus","volume":"133","author":"Poznanovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940911800305","article-title":"Assessing the additional disease burden of polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"118","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2012.33.3541","article-title":"Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: burden of disease","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22272","article-title":"Atopy in chronic rhinosinusitis: impact on quality of life outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60130-X","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis","volume":"378","author":"Greiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419896239","article-title":"Histopathologic Influences of tissue eosinophilia among chronic rhinosinusitis patients","volume":"34","author":"Ganti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27693","article-title":"The presence of eosinophil aggregates correlates with increased postoperative prednisone requirement","volume":"129","author":"Tajudeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.040","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: another relevant endotype","volume":"146","author":"Delemarre","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.002","article-title":"IgE effector mechanisms, in concert with mast cells, contribute to acquired host defense against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"53","author":"Starkl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0531-3","article-title":"Remodeling and repair in rhinosinusitis","volume":"15","author":"Watelet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3509","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus increases cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression in nasal mucosae of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.02.008","article-title":"Sinus microbiota varies among chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes and predicts surgical outcome","volume":"136","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219821006784?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219821006784?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:29:39Z","timestamp":1761974979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219821006784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219821006784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.740377376.793587205","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Defining the Allergic Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Structured Histopathology and Clinical Variables","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}