{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T09:57:13Z","timestamp":1793699833108,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T11:56:09Z","timestamp":1631620569000},"page":"4254-4267.e10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The Clinical Implications of Aspergillus Fumigatus Sensitization in Difficult-To-Treat Asthma Patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Heena","family":"Mistry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilda Maria","family":"Ajsivinac Soberanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Aref","family":"Kyyaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clair","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Newell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Michael","family":"Haitchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Seumois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandurangan","family":"Vijayanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Hasan","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh J.","family":"Kurukulaaratchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","article-title":"Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program","volume":"181","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2678","article-title":"Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches","volume":"18","author":"Wenzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1","article-title":"Understanding asthma phenotypes, endotypes, and mechanisms of disease","volume":"56","author":"Kuruvilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00074705","article-title":"The link between fungi and severe asthma: a summary of the evidence","volume":"27","author":"Denning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0122","article-title":"Allergic fungal airway disease","volume":"26","author":"Rick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-4-14","article-title":"Fungal allergy in asthma\u2014state of the art and research needs","volume":"4","author":"Denning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.738312","article-title":"Global burden of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with asthma and its complication chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adults","volume":"51","author":"Denning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib8","first-page":"936","article-title":"Aspergillus hypersensitivity and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with bronchial asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.07.008","article-title":"Characteristics of severe asthma with fungal sensitization","volume":"119","author":"Masaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13799","article-title":"Fungal sensitization and positive fungal culture from sputum in children with asthma are associated with reduced lung function and acute asthma attacks respectively","volume":"51","author":"Welsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S130459","article-title":"Sensitization to Aspergillus species is associated with frequent exacerbations in severe asthma","volume":"10","author":"Goh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.016","article-title":"Pediatric severe asthma with fungal sensitization is mediated by steroid-resistant IL-33","volume":"136","author":"Castanhinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4","article-title":"Mold sensitisation allergy is common amongst patients with severe asthma requiring multiple hospital admissions","volume":"5","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201408-376OC","article-title":"Allergen sensitization profiles in a population-based cohort of children hospitalized for asthma","volume":"12","author":"Beck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.11.015","article-title":"Fungal sensitization is associated with increased risk of life-threatening asthma","volume":"5","author":"Medrek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70095-1","article-title":"Effect of environmental molds on risk of death from asthma during the pollen season","volume":"95","author":"Targonski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01971.x","article-title":"Clinical significance of Aspergillus sensitisation in bronchial asthma","volume":"54","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02542.x","article-title":"Aspergillus sensitization is associated with airflow limitation and bronchiectasis in severe asthma","volume":"66","author":"Menzies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12848","article-title":"The relationship between biomarkers of fungal allergy and lung damage in asthma","volume":"47","author":"Woolnough","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201001-0087OC","article-title":"IgE sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with reduced lung function in asthma","volume":"182","author":"Fairs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib21","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Difficult to treat and severe asthma in adolescent and adult patients: diagnosis and management. 2018. Accessed January 3, 2021. https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/difficult-to-treat-and-severe-asthma-guide\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13370","article-title":"Comorbid \u201ctreatable traits\u201d in difficult asthma: current evidence and clinical evaluation","volume":"73","author":"Tay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204114","article-title":"The cost of treating severe refractory asthma in the UK: an economic analysis from the British Thoracic Society Difficult Asthma Registry","volume":"70","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0862-2","article-title":"Protocol for the Wessex AsThma CoHort of difficult asthma (WATCH): a pragmatic real-life longitudinal study of difficult asthma in the clinic","volume":"19","author":"Azim","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-4-405","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic criteria for the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"86","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12141","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: review of literature and proposal of new diagnostic and classification criteria","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_205_18","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis among patients with severe bronchial asthma in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India","volume":"62","author":"Bhankhur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1187_19","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"151","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0216568","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216568","article-title":"Burden of fungal asthma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kwizera","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03339.x","article-title":"Comparison of skin prick tests with specific serum immunoglobulin E in the diagnosis of fungal sensitization in patients with severe asthma","volume":"39","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.04.011","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in Japan: a nationwide survey","volume":"67","author":"Oguma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01680.x","article-title":"Aspergillus hypersensitivity and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute severe asthma in a respiratory intensive care unit in North India","volume":"53","author":"Agarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2017.826","article-title":"Correlation of aspergillus skin hypersensitivity with the duration and severity of asthma","volume":"87","author":"Chopra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.05.053","article-title":"New perspectives on difficult asthma: sex and age of asthma-onset based phenotypes","volume":"8","author":"Azim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12726","article-title":"Correlation between fungal sensitisation in childhood persistent asthma and disease severity","volume":"61","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30099-7","article-title":"Lung function trajectories from pre-school age to adulthood and their associations with early life factors: a retrospective analysis of three population-based birth cohort studies","volume":"6","author":"Belgrave","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1068-0","article-title":"Distinctive lung function trajectories from age 10 to 26\u2009years in men and women and associated early life risk factors\u2014a birth cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Karmaus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30100-0","article-title":"Childhood predictors of lung function trajectories and future COPD risk: a prospective cohort study from the first to the sixth decade of life","volume":"6","author":"Bui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900477","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00477-2019","article-title":"Association of asthma and smoking with lung function impairment in adolescence and early adulthood: the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study","volume":"55","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13841","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of type 2 disease status in a real-world population of difficult to manage asthma using historic electronic health care records of blood eosinophil counts","volume":"51","author":"Azim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16f13.x","article-title":"Induced sputum eosinophils and neutrophils and bronchiectasis severity in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"16","author":"Wark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib43","first-page":"CD001108","article-title":"Azoles for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with asthma","volume":"2004","author":"Wark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.11.019","article-title":"Beneficial effects of omalizumab therapy in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a synthesis review of published literature","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1712125","article-title":"Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease","volume":"379","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13147","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.029","article-title":"New clinical diagnostic criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis\/mycosis and its validation","volume":"147","author":"Asano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.043","article-title":"Which are the optimal criteria for the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? A latent class analysis","volume":"9","author":"Saxena","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.041","article-title":"Diagnostic cutoffs and clinical utility of recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"8","author":"Muthu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2012.754401","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis due to fungi other than Aspergillus: a global overview","volume":"40","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221321982100996X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221321982100996X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:31:43Z","timestamp":1761975103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221321982100996X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S221321982100996X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Clinical Implications of Aspergillus Fumigatus Sensitization in Difficult-To-Treat Asthma Patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.08.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}