{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:25:03Z","timestamp":1777328703050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF18OC0031764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18OC0031764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R16-A1694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R16-A1694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202006790042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202006790042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007398","name":"Strategiske Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0603-00280B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0603-00280B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007037","name":"Ministeriet Sundhed Forebyggelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["903516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["903516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R163-2013-16235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R163-2013-16235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["946228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["946228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:56:43Z","timestamp":1664499403000},"page":"315-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Fish Oil and Vitamin D Supplementations in Pregnancy Protect Against Childhood Croup"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nicklas","family":"Brustad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo L.","family":"Chawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Stokholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6zde","family":"G\u00fcrdeniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"B\u00f8nnelykke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Bisgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60170-1","volume":"371","author":"Bjornson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Croup. Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1086\/514137","article-title":"Pediatric hospitalizations for croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): biennial increases associated with human parainfluenza virus 1 epidemics","volume":"176","author":"Marx","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033534","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of a single dose of oral dexamethasone for mild croup","volume":"351","author":"Bjornson","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp072022","article-title":"Clinical practice","volume":"358","author":"Cherry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Croup. N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2013","volume":"321","author":"Baiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Croup. JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.11.034","article-title":"Parainfluenza virus infection of young children: estimates of the population-based burden of hospitalization","volume":"154","author":"Weinberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.02.010","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system: new perspectives on an old theme","volume":"39","author":"Hewison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2007.03.003","article-title":"Induction of cathelicidin in normal and CF bronchial epithelial cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"6","author":"Yim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0812-7","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity","volume":"36","author":"Calder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1596OC","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency causes deficits in lung function and alters lung structure","volume":"183","author":"Zosky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.195","article-title":"Beyond building better brains: bridging the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) gap of prematurity","volume":"35","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12213","article-title":"Deep phenotyping of the unselected COPSAC2010 birth cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503734","article-title":"Fish oil-derived fatty acids in pregnancy and wheeze and asthma in offspring","volume":"375","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.18318","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on risk of persistent wheeze in the offspring: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Chawes","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186657","article-title":"Prenatal vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of asthma\/recurrent wheeze in early childhood: a combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Wolsk","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12909","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy reduces aeroallergen sensitization: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.6083","article-title":"Effect of high-dose vs standard-dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy on bone mineralization in offspring until age 6 years: a prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial","volume":"174","author":"Brustad","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054692","article-title":"Intermittent inhaled corticosteroids in infants with episodic wheezing","volume":"354","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.07.057","article-title":"Fish-oil supplementation in pregnancy, child metabolomics and asthma risk","volume":"46","author":"Rago","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14308-x","article-title":"Prenatal dietary supplements influence the infant airway microbiota in a randomized factorial clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Hjelms\u00f8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0954-6","article-title":"Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D","volume":"20","author":"Mitha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.5.770","article-title":"Epidemiology and cost of infection with human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2 in young children","volume":"18","author":"Henrickson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109641","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of croup in the emergency department using two national datasets","volume":"126","author":"Hanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxx019","article-title":"Acute management of croup in the emergency department","volume":"22","author":"Ortiz-Alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.08.028","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency to blame for the asthma epidemic?","volume":"120","author":"Litonjua","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122990","article-title":"The influence of dietary fatty acids on immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Radzikowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14862","article-title":"Neonatal airway immune profiles and asthma and allergy endpoints in childhood","volume":"76","author":"Chawes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508025798","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA in rhinovirus-infected cultured airway epithelial cells","volume":"101","author":"Saedisomeolia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib29","first-page":"965","article-title":"Vitamin D decreases respiratory syncytial virus induction of NF-\u03baB\u2013linked chemokines and cytokines in airway epithelium while maintaining the antiviral state","volume":"184","author":"Hansdottir","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00665-2015","article-title":"Vitamin D represses rhinovirus replication in cystic fibrosis cells by inducing LL-37","volume":"47","author":"Sch\u00f6gler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.2909","article-title":"Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib32","first-page":"33","article-title":"Arachidonic acid: physiological roles and potential health benefits \u2013 a review","volume":"11","author":"Tallima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.03.035","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive evaluation of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in childhood asthma","volume":"122","author":"Sackesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219822009655?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219822009655?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:34:40Z","timestamp":1761975280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219822009655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219822009655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fish Oil and Vitamin D Supplementations in Pregnancy Protect Against Childhood Croup","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}