{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:38:17Z","timestamp":1780594697078,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISRCTN11210918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISRCTN11210918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T12:31:12Z","timestamp":1680093072000},"page":"1376-1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Managing Atopic Dermatitis in Patients With Skin of Color"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Carla M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Flohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera R.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Koplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.06.044","article-title":"Genetic ancestry does not explain increased atopic dermatitis susceptibility or worse disease control among African American subjects in 2 large US cohorts","volume":"145","author":"Abuabara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13784","article-title":"The epidemiology of eczema in children and adults in England: a population-based study using primary care data","volume":"51","author":"de Lusignan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.5.634","article-title":"In the United States, Blacks and Asian\/Pacific Islanders are more likely than Whites to seek medical care for atopic dermatitis","volume":"138","author":"Janumpally","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.029","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in incidence and persistence of childhood atopic dermatitis","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.251","article-title":"Eczema prevalence in the United States: data from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health","volume":"131","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14774","article-title":"Review article: emerging issues in pediatric skin of color, part 2","volume":"38","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14058","article-title":"Structural racism and its influence on the severity of atopic dermatitis in African American children","volume":"37","author":"Tackett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.009","article-title":"The impact of skin hyperpigmentation and hyperchromia on quality of life: a cross-sectional study","volume":"77","author":"Maymone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12092","article-title":"The prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors of clinical eczema in infancy: a population-based observational study","volume":"43","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13235","article-title":"Asian children living in Australia have a different profile of allergy and anaphylaxis than Australian-born children: a state-wide survey","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2433","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2433","article-title":"Filaggrin gene defects and risk of developing allergic sensitisation and allergic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"339","author":"van den Oord","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13514","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in diverse racial and ethnic groups\u2014variations in epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.008","article-title":"The persistence of atopic dermatitis and filaggrin (FLG) mutations in a US longitudinal cohort","volume":"130","author":"Margolis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.015","article-title":"Filaggrin-2 variation is associated with more persistent atopic dermatitis in African American subjects","volume":"133","author":"Margolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3424","article-title":"Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis","volume":"47","author":"Paternoster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00295-16","article-title":"Temporal and racial differences associated with atopic dermatitis Staphylococcusaureus and encoded virulence factors","volume":"1","author":"Merriman","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18643","article-title":"The role of bacterial skin infections in atopic dermatitis: expert statement and review from the International Eczema Council Skin Infection Group","volume":"182","author":"Alexander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.834","article-title":"Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus precedes the clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in infancy","volume":"137","author":"Meylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.07.052","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus density on lesional and nonlesional skin is strongly associated with disease severity in atopic dermatitis","volume":"137","author":"Tauber","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.029","article-title":"Skin microbiome before development of atopic dermatitis: early colonization with commensal staphylococci at 2 months is associated with a lower risk of atopic dermatitis at 1 year","volume":"139","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14823","article-title":"Children of Asian ethnicity in Australia have higher risk of food allergy and early-onset eczema than those in Singapore","volume":"76","author":"Suaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12487","article-title":"Increased risk of peanut allergy in infants of Asian-born parents compared to those of Australian-born parents","volume":"69","author":"Koplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.010","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis","volume":"70","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib24","series-title":"Laser Fitzpatrick Skin Type Recommendations","author":"Sharma","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib25","first-page":"435","article-title":"Defining skin of color","volume":"69","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.07.010","article-title":"Skin typing: Fitzpatrick grading and others","volume":"37","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.05.024","article-title":"Color bar tool for skin type self-identification: a cross-sectional study","volume":"73","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21277","article-title":"The Eumelanin Human Skin Colour Scale: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"187","author":"Dadzie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000864","article-title":"Assessment and monitoring challenges among patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis across Fitzpatrick skin types: a photographic review and case series","volume":"33","author":"Aoki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib30","first-page":"462","article-title":"Insights in skin of color patients with atopic dermatitis and the role of skincare in improving outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Alexis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15271","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison study of clinician-rated atopic dermatitis outcome measures for intermediate- to dark-skinned patients","volume":"176","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.03.007","article-title":"Typical and atypical clinical appearance of atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Silverberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP42701","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants: a perspective on ethnic differences","volume":"42","author":"Dirks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0277-x","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in Chinese children receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08672.x","article-title":"UVA1 phototherapy is effective in darker skin: a review of 101 patients of Fitzpatrick skin types I-V","volume":"159","author":"Jacobe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.11.015","article-title":"Racial differences in atopic dermatitis","volume":"122","author":"Brunner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13783","article-title":"Patterns and trends in eczema management in UK primary care (2009\u20132018): a population-based cohort study","volume":"51","author":"de Lusignan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14153","article-title":"Characteristics and management of Asian skin","volume":"58","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib39","first-page":"776","article-title":"Dupilumab improves atopic dermatitis and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patient with skin of color","volume":"19","author":"Grayson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14525","article-title":"Tips for addressing common conditions affecting pediatric and adolescent patients with skin of color","volume":"38","author":"Grayson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.672","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter update 2012","volume":"131","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib42","author":"Van Horn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib43","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Dermatological conditions in SKIN OF COLOR-: managing atopic dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Sangha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.023","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies","volume":"71","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02234.x","article-title":"Use of pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in infants and children: the effects of ethnic origin and baseline disease severity on treatment outcome","volume":"44","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.109810","article-title":"Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients: part I, efficacy","volume":"44","author":"Hanifin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib47","first-page":"399","article-title":"Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients","volume":"61","author":"Serpa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1994.4","article-title":"Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in American White subjects and Black subjects","volume":"55","author":"McLeod","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18429","article-title":"European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema\u2014part II: non-systemic treatments and treatment recommendations for special AE patient populations","volume":"36","author":"Wollenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18345","article-title":"European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema: part I\u2014systemic therapy","volume":"36","author":"Wollenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2012.01740.x","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in African American children: addressing unmet needs of a common disease","volume":"29","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.07.021","article-title":"Socioeconomic determinants of food allergy burden: a clinical introduction","volume":"129","author":"Warren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.006","article-title":"Access to health care and food in children with food allergy","volume":"133","author":"Johns","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-020-00114-x","article-title":"Effects of variations in access to care for children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"20","author":"Siegfried","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.02.034","article-title":"Health disparities in allergic and immunologic conditions in racial and ethnic underserved populations: a work group report of the AAAAI Committee on the Underserved","volume":"147","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.015","article-title":"The Asian atopic dermatitis phenotype combines features of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with increased TH17 polarization","volume":"136","author":"Noda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041_bib57","series-title":"Global Report on Atopic Dermatitis","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219823003513?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219823003513?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:37:29Z","timestamp":1761975449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219823003513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219823003513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Managing Atopic Dermatitis in Patients With Skin of Color","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}