{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:30:51Z","timestamp":1789965051295,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":370,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-0-TB180090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-0-TB180090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T17:07:00Z","timestamp":1698944820000},"page":"175-184.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Alpha-Gal IgE Prevalence Patterns in the United States: An Investigation of 3,000 Military Recruits"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4418-2275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Ailsworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apryl","family":"Susi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Seong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaimin","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.E.","family":"Platts-Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cade M.","family":"Nylund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-1760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.052","article-title":"Delayed anaphylaxis, angioedema, or urticaria after consumption of red meat in patients with IgE antibodies specific for galactose-\u03b1-1,3-galactose","volume":"123","author":"Commins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-016-0099-z","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of alpha-Gal syndrome: from immediate-type to delayed immediate-type reactions to mammalian innards and meat","volume":"25","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.047","article-title":"On the cause and consequences of IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose: a report from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Workshop on Understanding IgE-Mediated Mammalian Meat Allergy","volume":"145","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02682.x","article-title":"Food anaphylaxis","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.019","article-title":"The relevance of tick bites to the production of IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-\u03b1-1,3-galactose","volume":"127","author":"Commins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.034","article-title":"A\u00a0dynamic relationship between two regional causes of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis: alpha-Gal syndrome and imported fire ant","volume":"147","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.12.019","article-title":"Diagnostic testing for galactose-alpha-1, 3-galactose, United States, 2010 to 2018","volume":"126","author":"Binder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114857","article-title":"Description and utilization of the United States department of defense serum repository: a review of published studies, 1985-2012","volume":"10","author":"Perdue","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00725","article-title":"Ethics, human use, and the department of defense serum repository","volume":"180","author":"Pavlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.239","article-title":"Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of human Ehrlichiosis","volume":"49","author":"Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450170099030","article-title":"Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of human Ehrlichiosis in the United States, 1988","volume":"264","author":"Eng","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-31.2.119","article-title":"Temporal association of Amblyomma americanum with the presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer","volume":"31","author":"Lockhart","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074943","article-title":"Cetuximab-induced anaphylaxis and IgE specific for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose","volume":"358","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7230a2","article-title":"Geographic distribution of suspected alpha-gal syndrome cases\u2014United States, January 2017-December 2022","volume":"72","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2017OC","article-title":"Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose specific IgE is associated with anaphylaxis but not asthma","volume":"185","author":"Commins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001223","article-title":"Alpha-gal allergy as a cause of intestinal symptoms in a gastroenterology community practice","volume":"114","author":"Richards","year":"2021","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.650","article-title":"\u03b1-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: relation to diet, parasites, and IgG4","volume":"147","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311222","article-title":"IgE to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-\u03b1-1, 3-galactose is associated with increased atheroma volume and plaques with unstable characteristics\u2014brief report","volume":"38","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002219","article-title":"Alpha-gal sensitization in a US screening population is not associated with a decreased meat intake or gastrointestinal symptoms","volume":"118","author":"McGill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.021","article-title":"Prevalence of alpha-gal sensitization among Kentucky timber harvesters and forestry and wildlife practitioners","volume":"9","author":"Bellamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy038","article-title":"Landscape physiognomy influences abundance of the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in Ozark Forests","volume":"55","author":"Van Horn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0330","article-title":"Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the Continental United States","volume":"93","author":"Springer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2009.10.004","article-title":"Human Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis","volume":"30","author":"Ismail","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.457","article-title":"Tick salivary gland extract induces alpha-gal syndrome in alpha-gal deficient mice","volume":"9","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.07.014","article-title":"Could chiggers be contributing to the prevalence of galactose-alpha-1, 3-galactose sensitization and mammalian meat allergy?","volume":"7","author":"Stoltz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02533.x","article-title":"An association between tick bite reactions and red meat allergy in humans","volume":"190","author":"Van Nunen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.07.050","article-title":"Red meat allergy in Sweden: association with tick sensitization and B-negative blood groups","volume":"132","author":"Hamsten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.10.018","article-title":"Alpha-gal sensitization among young adults is associated with male sex and polysensitization","volume":"10","author":"Westman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.11.021","article-title":"Tick bite as a risk factor for alpha-gal-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies and development of alpha-gal syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Kersh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.08.018","article-title":"Burden of allergic disease in racial and ethnic structurally oppressed communities within Canada and the United States: a scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Jafri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055566","article-title":"IgE production to \u03b1-gal is accompanied by elevated levels of specific IgG1 antibodies and low amounts of IgE to blood group B","volume":"8","author":"Rispens","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.02.010","article-title":"The B antigen protects against the development of red meat allergy","volume":"6","author":"Brestoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03338.x","article-title":"ABO and Rh(D) phenotype frequencies of\u00a0different racial\/ethnic groups in the United States","volume":"44","author":"Garratty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12655","article-title":"High prevalence of sIgE to Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose in rural pre-Alps area: a cross-sectional study","volume":"46","author":"Villalta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.03.031","article-title":"Investigation into the \u03b1-Gal syndrome: characteristics of 261 children and adults reporting red meat allergy","volume":"7","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12969","article-title":"Predictive values of alpha-gal IgE levels and alpha-gal IgE: total IgE ratio and oral food challenge-proven meat allergy in a population with a high prevalence of reported red meat allergy","volume":"29","author":"Mabelane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13156","article-title":"Prevalence of type I sensitization to alpha-gal in forest service employees and hunters","volume":"72","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046_bib43","series-title":"December 2007 status of forces survey of active duty members topics: permanent change of station (PCS) moves and details on readiness","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219823012011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219823012011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:39:48Z","timestamp":1761975588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219823012011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219823012011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alpha-Gal IgE Prevalence Patterns in the United States: An Investigation of 3,000 Military Recruits","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}