{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:56:03Z","timestamp":1789775763353,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":371,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T16:41:23Z","timestamp":1721493683000},"page":"25-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Stinging Ant Anaphylaxis: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy C.","family":"McMurray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla E.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy","family":"Wanandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Heddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091824","article-title":"The phylogeny and evolution of ants","volume":"45","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Systemat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.1999.00310.x","article-title":"The worldwide transfer of ants: geographical distribution and ecological invasions","volume":"26","author":"McGlynn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biogeogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5486","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801990115","article-title":"Recurrent bridgehead effects accelerate global alien ant spread","volume":"115","author":"Bertelsmeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12986","article-title":"Massive yet grossly underestimated global costs of invasive insects","volume":"7","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-022-02791-w","article-title":"Economic costs of invasive alien ants worldwide","volume":"24","author":"Angulo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/emr.12238","article-title":"Red imported fire ant in Australia: what if we lose the war?","volume":"18","author":"Wylie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol Manage Restorat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2307\/2409138","article-title":"Biochemical phenotypic and genetic studies of two introduced fire ants and their hybrid (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16217","article-title":"The development of jack jumper ant venom immunotherapy: our 25 years' experience","volume":"53","author":"Wanandy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03209.x","article-title":"Causes of ant sting anaphylaxis in Australia: the Australian Ant Venom Allergy Study","volume":"195","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70173-8","article-title":"Reactions to less common species of fire ants","volume":"100","author":"Hoffman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.4289\/0013-8797.120.2.308","article-title":"Revision of the fire ants of the Solenopsis saevissima species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"120","author":"Pitts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Entomol Soc Washington"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030229","article-title":"Predicting the global distribution of Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) under climate change using the MaxEnt Model","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.05.011","article-title":"Samsum ant, Brachyponera sennaarensis (Formicidae: Ponerinae): distribution and abundance in Saudi Arabia","volume":"22","author":"Al-Khalifa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.246","article-title":"Anaphylaxis reaction to Samsum ant (Pachycondyla sennaarensis): a case series study","volume":"55","author":"Bemanian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61165-9","article-title":"Adverse reactions to ants other than imported fire ants","volume":"95","author":"Klotz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib18","first-page":"21","article-title":"The nest architecture of the Florida harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius","volume":"4","author":"Tschinkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Insect Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib19","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics (GABI) database: a synthesis of ant species geographic distributions","volume":"24","author":"Gu\u00e9nard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Myrmecol News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2016.02.006","article-title":"Visualizing and interacting with large-volume biodiversity data using client-server web-mapping applications: the design and implementation of antmaps.org","volume":"32","author":"Janicki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol Informat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199806000-00007","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis due to fire ant stings","volume":"19","author":"Prahlow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181651b53","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis to indoor native fire ant stings in an infant","volume":"29","author":"More","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib23","first-page":"309","article-title":"Fire ant anaphylaxis: two critical cases in South Carolina","volume":"9","author":"Levy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Agromed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008163230707","article-title":"Reactions to the stings of the imported fire ant","volume":"323","author":"deShazo","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90319-9","article-title":"Survey of fatal anaphylactic reactions to imported fire ant stings. Report of the Fire Ant Subcommittee of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology","volume":"84","author":"Rhoades","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143761.x","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis following jack jumper ant sting in southern Tasmania","volume":"175","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.049","article-title":"Anaphylaxis fatalities and admissions in Australia","volume":"123","author":"Liew","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib28","first-page":"101","article-title":"Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) anaphylaxis among Thai patients: its allergens and specific IgE-reactivity","volume":"36","author":"Potiwat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.20.010175.000245","article-title":"Biology and control of imported fire ants","volume":"20","author":"Lofgren","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/20026320","article-title":"The New World Species of the genus Solenopsis (Hymenop. Formicidae)","volume":"66","author":"Creighton","year":"1930","journal-title":"Proc Am Acad Arts Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-25","article-title":"A\u00a0case of the first documented fire ant anaphylaxis in Canada","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283073b48","article-title":"The stinging impact of the imported fire ant","volume":"8","author":"Tankersley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105707","article-title":"Expanding habitat of the imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta): a public health concern","volume":"105","author":"Kemp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X-34.2.317","article-title":"A\u00a0climate model of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): implications for invasion of new regions, particularly Oceania","volume":"34","author":"Sutherst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/43.1.23","article-title":"Insect Life: Invasion of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"43","author":"Vinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Amn Entomologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198734","article-title":"Global invasion history of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta","volume":"331","author":"Ascunce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.07.036","article-title":"The invasive ant Solenopsis invicta is established in Europe","volume":"33","author":"Menchetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12100874","article-title":"Prediction of spatiotemporal invasive risk of the red import fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in China","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9040069","article-title":"The human health impacts of the red imported fire ant in the Western Pacific Region context: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01954.x","article-title":"Imported fire ants near the edge of their range: disturbance and moisture determine prevalence and impact of an invasive social insect","volume":"81","author":"LeBrun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232264","article-title":"Invasion and high-elevation acclimation of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in the southern Blue Ridge Escarpment region of North America","volume":"15","author":"Lytle","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/49.3.150","article-title":"Biological control of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Entomologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61442-1","article-title":"Biological control of fire ants: an update on new techniques","volume":"93","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/43.1.23","article-title":"Invasion of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Spread, biology, and impact","volume":"43","author":"Vinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Entomolog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63493-X","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to fire ant venom","volume":"77","author":"Stafford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90188-X","article-title":"Dermal hypersensitivity reactions to imported fire ants","volume":"74","author":"deShazo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2500\/108854193778816707","article-title":"Reactions to imported fire ant stings","volume":"14","author":"deShazo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Allergy Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60405-X","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic sensitization to imported fire ants in children living in an endemic region of the southeastern United States","volume":"100","author":"Partridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197509000-00017","article-title":"The imported fire ant: dimensions of the urban problem","volume":"68","author":"Clemmer","year":"1975","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198912000-00014","article-title":"Imported fire ant as a health hazard","volume":"82","author":"Stafford","year":"1989","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(79)90267-8","article-title":"Protein components of fire ant venom (Solenopsis invicta)","volume":"17","author":"Baer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(72)90011-6","article-title":"Fire ant venoms: comparative analyses of alkaloidal components","volume":"10","author":"Brand","year":"1972","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1126\/science.168.3933.840","article-title":"Alkaloid from fire ant venom: identification and synthesis","volume":"168","author":"Macconnell","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198912000-00015","article-title":"Allergy to imported fire ants","volume":"82","author":"Stafford","year":"1989","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.09.005","article-title":"Patterns of venom synthesis and use in the fire ant","volume":"42","author":"Haight","year":"2003","journal-title":"Solenopsis invicta. Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15080489","article-title":"Chemistry and functions of imported fire ant venom","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1021\/pr300451g","article-title":"Proteomic view of the venom from the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren","volume":"11","author":"dos Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Proteome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90084-X","article-title":"Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XX. Isolation of four allergens from imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) venom","volume":"82","author":"Hoffman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:30:2:109","article-title":"Hymenoptera venom allergens","volume":"30","author":"Hoffman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-018-0159-6","article-title":"Identification, expression and characterization of the recombinant Sol g 4.1 protein from the venom of the tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata","volume":"24","author":"Srisong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08858-1","article-title":"Global view on ant venom allergy: from allergenic components to clinical management","volume":"62","author":"Wanandy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01320.x","article-title":"Myrmecia pilosula (jack jumper) ant venom: identification of allergens and revised nomenclature","volume":"62","author":"Wiese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.11.020","article-title":"Sol i 1, the phospholipase allergen of imported fire ant venom","volume":"115","author":"Hoffman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90085-1","article-title":"Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XXI. Cross-reactivity and multiple reactivity between fire ant venom and bee and wasp venoms","volume":"82","author":"Hoffman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90298-T","article-title":"Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XXIV: the amino acid sequences of imported fire ant venom allergens Sol i II, Sol i III, and Sol i IV","volume":"91","author":"Hoffman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90014-7","article-title":"Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XXV: The amino acid sequences of antigen 5 molecules and the structural basis of antigenic cross-reactivity","volume":"92","author":"Hoffman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.08.023","article-title":"Crystal structure of the major allergen from fire ant venom, Sol i 3","volume":"383","author":"Padavattan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(90)90042-3","article-title":"Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XXII. Comparison of venoms from two species of imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and richteri","volume":"85","author":"Hoffman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.10.009","article-title":"Crystal structure of Sol I 2: a major allergen from fire ant venom","volume":"415","author":"Borer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.05.011","article-title":"Identification, expression, and immuno-reactivity of Sol i 2 & Sol i 4 venom proteins of queen red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"60","author":"Lockwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.08.028","article-title":"Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper) ant venom: validation of a procedure to standardise an allergy vaccine","volume":"46","author":"Wiese","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12987","article-title":"Factors influencing the quality of Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper) ant venom for use in in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo diagnoses of allergen sensitization and in allergen immunotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Wanandy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13224","article-title":"Towards complete identification of allergens in Jack Jumper (Myrmecia pilosula) ant venom and their clinical relevance: an immunoproteomic approach","volume":"48","author":"Wanandy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61843-4","article-title":"Structure-based epitope prediction and assessment of cross-reactivity of Myrmecia pilosula venom-specific IgE and recombinant Sol g proteins (Solenopsis geminata)","volume":"14","author":"Buraphaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib78","series-title":"Monograph on insect allergy","first-page":"37","article-title":"Hymenoptera venoms: composition, standardization, stability","author":"Hoffman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000444364","article-title":"IgE reactivity of recombinant Pac c 3 from the Asian needle ant (Pachycondyla chinensis)","volume":"169","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1080\/00222939100771021","article-title":"Ants of the genus Myrmecia fabricius: a preliminary review and key to the named species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)","volume":"25","author":"Ogata","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nat Hist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib81","first-page":"62","article-title":"Notes on Australian bulldog ants (Myrmecia) and their biology","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Sydney Allerg Grp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3911.4.2","article-title":"Ants with attitude: Australian jack-jumpers of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex, with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)","volume":"3911","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1986.tb139498.x","article-title":"The natural history of sensitivity to jack jumper ants (Hymenoptera formicidae Myrmecia pilosula) in Tasmania","volume":"145","author":"Clarke","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01877.x","article-title":"A\u00a0case of ant anaphylaxis","volume":"48","author":"Mehr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00957.x","article-title":"Immediate allergic reactions to Myrmecia ant stings: immunochemical analysis of Myrmecia venoms","volume":"24","author":"Street","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.48","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and natural history of jack jumper ant venom allergy in Tasmania","volume":"111","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70206-4","article-title":"Prevalence of severe ant-venom allergy in southeastern Australia","volume":"101","author":"Douglas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1964.tb109508.x","article-title":"Insect allergy in Australia: results of a five-year survey","volume":"2","author":"Trinca","year":"1964","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00097-1","article-title":"Ant sting mortality in Australia","volume":"40","author":"McGain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200312000-00014","article-title":"Prevention of anaphylaxis with ant venom immunotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.05.013","article-title":"Clinical consequences of toxic envenomations by Hymenoptera","volume":"150","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.05.014","article-title":"Pilosulin 5, a novel histamine-releasing peptide of the Australian ant, Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper Ant)","volume":"477","author":"Inagaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.02.013","article-title":"Pilosulins: a review of the structure and mode of action of venom peptides from an Australian ant Myrmecia pilosula","volume":"98","author":"Wanandy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib94","article-title":"Modeling potential distribution of newly recorded ant, Brachyponera nigrita, using Maxent under climate change in Pothwar region, Pakistan","volume":"17","author":"Gull","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib95","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Black (samsum) ant induced anaphylaxis in Saudi Arabia","volume":"27","author":"Al-Shahwan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2009.207","article-title":"Black ant stings caused by Pachycondyla sennaarensis: a significant health hazard","volume":"29","author":"Alsharani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(98)00129-5","article-title":"Placental abruption and intrauterine death following an ant sting","volume":"63","author":"Rizk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib98","first-page":"13","article-title":"Geographic spread of the samsum or sword ant, Pachycondyla (Brachyponera) sennaarensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"18","author":"Wetterer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Myrmecol News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-018-0200-9","article-title":"Anaphylaxis triggers in a large tertiary care hospital in Qatar: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Abunada","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70288-1","article-title":"Systemic reactions to the Samsum ant: an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity","volume":"96","author":"Dib","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.5.1094","article-title":"Emergence of the introduced ant Pachycondyla chinensis (Formicidae: Ponerinae) as a public health threat in the southeastern United States","volume":"43","author":"Nelder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502753600939","article-title":"Urticaria and anaphylaxis due to sting by an ant (Brachyponera chinensis)","volume":"82","author":"Fukuzawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70302-7","article-title":"Anaphylaxis to venom of the Pachycondyla species ant","volume":"104","author":"Yun","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.124890","article-title":"Prevalence of Pachycondyla chinensis venom allergy in an ant-infested area in Korea","volume":"110","author":"Cho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.114341","article-title":"Anaphylaxis caused by the new ant, Pachycondyla chinensis: demonstration of specific IgE and IgE-binding components","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3646.3.1","article-title":"A\u00a0new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran deserts of North America","volume":"3646","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(77)90170-1","article-title":"Harvester ant sensitivity: in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo studies using whole body extracts and venom","volume":"59","author":"Pinnas","year":"1977","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib108","series-title":"Pogonomyrmex Harvester Ants","author":"Cole","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib109","article-title":"Allergen of the month-harvester ant","volume":"111","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(74)90050-5","article-title":"Systemic reactions to stinging ants","volume":"54","author":"Lockey","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1126\/science.653354","article-title":"A\u00a0harvester ant venom: chemistry and pharmacology","volume":"200","author":"Schmidt","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1992.33.3.281","article-title":"A\u00a0case of anaphylaxis by ant (Ectomomyrmex spp.) venom and measurements of specific IgE and IgG subclasses","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v56i1.2893","article-title":"Severe anaphylaxis following ant bites","volume":"56","author":"Ratnatilaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0500","article-title":"A\u00a040-year-old man with ulcerated skin lesions caused by bites of safari ants","volume":"83","author":"Chianura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61259-8","article-title":"Stinging and biting insect allergy: an Australian experience","volume":"93","author":"Solley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126312.x","article-title":"Allergy to stinging and biting insects in Queensland","volume":"153","author":"Solley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100067","article-title":"Worldwide perspectives on venom allergy","volume":"12","author":"Korosec","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.25259\/JNRP_6_2023","article-title":"Unusual cause of seizures: imported fire ant bite reaction","volume":"14","author":"Abinaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(82)90239-1","article-title":"Neurologic sequelae following the imported fire ant sting","volume":"70","author":"Fox","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-0025-z","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after fire ant bites","volume":"22","author":"Koya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-5","article-title":"Haemolytic uremic syndrome following fire ant bites","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04547.x","article-title":"Fire ants in Australia: a new medical and ecological hazard","volume":"176","author":"McCubbin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01776.x","article-title":"Pharmacological action of Australian animal venoms","volume":"24","author":"Hodgson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8495","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201703360","article-title":"Delta-Myrtoxin-Mp1a is a helical heterodimer from the venom of the jack jumper ant that has antimicrobial, membrane-disrupting, and nociceptive activities","volume":"56","author":"Dekan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90053-8","article-title":"Pharmacological studies of jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) venom: evidence for the presence of histamine, and haemolytic and eicosanoid-releasing factors","volume":"30","author":"Matuszek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1303","article-title":"Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: Summary report\u2014Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease\/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium","volume":"117","author":"Sampson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e318211496c","article-title":"World Allergy Organization Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Anaphylaxis","volume":"4","author":"Simons","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.09.015","article-title":"Anaphylaxis: a 2023 practice parameter update","volume":"132","author":"Golden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.029","article-title":"Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1027\/0838-1925.18.2.48","article-title":"Venom immunotherapy: an Australian perspective","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy Clin Immunol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib131","first-page":"60","article-title":"Allergy to jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) stings in south-eastern Australia","volume":"74","author":"Weiner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.02.041","article-title":"Imported fire ant field reaction and immunotherapy safety characteristics: the IFACS study","volume":"125","author":"La Shell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.08.020","article-title":"Characteristics of venom allergy at initial evaluation: is fire ant hypersensitivity similar to flying Hymenoptera?","volume":"123","author":"Szari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60992-1","article-title":"Natural history of large local and generalized cutaneous reactions to imported fire ant stings in children","volume":"94","author":"Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33151\/ajp.12.3.235","article-title":"Incidence and patient demographics of pre-hospital anaphylaxis in Tasmania","volume":"12","author":"Blackhall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australas J Paramed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16006","article-title":"Emergency department childhood anaphylaxis presentations in regional\/remote Australia","volume":"58","author":"Weber","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.10.031","article-title":"Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2016","volume":"118","author":"Golden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63098-0","article-title":"Management of imported fire ant allergy: results of a survey","volume":"79","author":"Moffitt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02470.x","article-title":"Influence of total and specific IgE, serum tryptase, and age on severity of allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings","volume":"66","author":"Blum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.02.018","article-title":"Imported fire ant hypersensitivity and mastocytosis: a case series of successful venom immunotherapy","volume":"122","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.027","article-title":"Predictors of severe systemic anaphylactic reactions in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy: importance of baseline serum tryptase\u2014a study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity","volume":"124","author":"Rueff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.09.004","article-title":"Ramipril and metoprolol intake aggravate human and murine anaphylaxis: evidence for direct mast cell priming","volume":"135","author":"Nassiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13262","article-title":"EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Hymenoptera venom allergy","volume":"73","author":"Sturm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14785","article-title":"Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors are not a risk factor for severe systemic sting reactions and adverse events during venom immunotherapy","volume":"76","author":"Sturm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1453","article-title":"Fire ants represent an important risk for anaphylaxis among residents of an endemic region","volume":"111","author":"Caplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70222-7","article-title":"Timing of venom skin tests and IgE determinations after insect sting anaphylaxis","volume":"100","author":"Goldberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12827-9","article-title":"Ant venom immunotherapy: a\u00a0double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"361","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90014-0","article-title":"Imported fire ant allergy in young children: skin reactivity and serum IgE antibodies to venom and whole body extract","volume":"82","author":"Bahna","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90051-9","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro comparison of fire ant venom and fire ant whole body extract","volume":"72","author":"Strom","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib150","first-page":"368","article-title":"Comparison of in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro tests in the diagnosis of imported fire ant sting allergy","volume":"64","author":"Stafford","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2022.04.002","article-title":"Multisite evaluation of fire ant venom immunotherapy safety and efficacy","volume":"1","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Glob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.07.006","article-title":"Imported fire ant allergy: case presentation and review of incidence, prevalence, diagnosis, and current treatment","volume":"111","author":"Steigelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1159\/000234551","article-title":"Superiority of Solenopsis invicta venom to whole-body extract in RAST for diagnosis of imported fire ant allergy","volume":"85","author":"Butcher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70259-8","article-title":"Evaluation of an in\u00a0vitro assay for fire ant venom\u2013specific IgE","volume":"100","author":"Ford","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01949.x","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro testing to diagnose venom allergy and monitor immunotherapy: a placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016741","article-title":"Using time-resolved fluorescence to measure serum venom-specific IgE and IgG","volume":"6","author":"van Eeden","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib157","first-page":"106","article-title":"Basophil activation testing as a biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of ant (Myrmecia pilosula) venom anaphylaxis before and after immunotherapy","volume":"74 Suppl","author":"Le","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.31_14077","article-title":"Severe systemic allergic reactions to Jack Jumper ant venom immunotherapy: basophil response during treatment with omalizumab","volume":"48","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61152-0","article-title":"Personal protection measures against fire ant attacks","volume":"95","author":"Goddard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.009449","article-title":"Insect sting anaphylaxis; prospective evaluation of treatment with intravenous adrenaline and volume resuscitation","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.05.027","article-title":"Hymenoptera venoms used to produce allergen extracts","volume":"118","author":"Plunkett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90073-B","article-title":"Imported fire ant immunotherapy: effectiveness of whole body extracts","volume":"90","author":"Freeman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.013","article-title":"Imported fire ant immunotherapy prescribing patterns in a large health care system during an 11-year period","volume":"125","author":"Wauters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.121956","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of an imported fire ant rush immunotherapy protocol with and without prophylactic treatment","volume":"109","author":"Tankersley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib165","first-page":"29","article-title":"Allergens in Hymenoptera venoms. XXIII. Venom content of imported fire ant whole body extracts","volume":"66","author":"Hoffman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.04.017","article-title":"Successful completion of an imported fire ant cluster immunotherapy protocol","volume":"123","author":"Beveridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60497-8","article-title":"Successful administration of a 1-day imported fire ant rush immunotherapy protocol","volume":"101","author":"Judd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60271-2","article-title":"Imported fire ant hypersensitivity: a 1-day rush immunotherapy schedule without premedication","volume":"103","author":"Dietrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.08.021","article-title":"A\u00a01-day imported fire ant rush immunotherapy schedule with and without premedication","volume":"111","author":"Arseneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e483","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy275","article-title":"Safety of repeated imported fire ant ultra-rush protocols","volume":"184","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70125-7","article-title":"The natural history of exposure to the imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta)","volume":"95","author":"Tracy","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70314-2","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis after a yellow jacket sting, despite venom immunotherapy, in two patients with mastocytosis","volume":"99","author":"Oude Elberink","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.11.025","article-title":"Anaphylactic reactions after discontinuation of Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a clonal mast cell disorder should be suspected","volume":"6","author":"Bonadonna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2007.28.3021","article-title":"Systemic reaction rates to field stings among imported fire ant\u2013sensitive patients receiving >3 years of immunotherapy versus <3 years of immunotherapy","volume":"28","author":"Forester","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.06.027","article-title":"Fire ant Immunotherapy with inteRvals Extended to 12 weekS: the FIRES study","volume":"131","author":"Neaves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.11.010","article-title":"Adherence to imported fire ant subcutaneous immunotherapy","volume":"110","author":"Stokes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.03.024","article-title":"A\u00a0look at adherence with subcutaneous immunotherapy without out-of-pocket patient costs","volume":"131","author":"Mendoza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib178","series-title":"Australian Animal Toxins: The Creatures, Their Toxins, and Care of the Poisoned Patient","author":"Sutherland","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.022","article-title":"Ultrarush versus semirush initiation of insect venom immunotherapy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"130","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.01.054","article-title":"Sting-challenge demonstrated tolerance in patients undergoing reduced-dose Jumper ant venom\u2013specific immunotherapy: validating new center approach in adult and children","volume":"11","author":"Spriggs","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.905","article-title":"Ultrarush vs semirush venom immunotherapy: outcome observations in real world jack jumper ant cohort","volume":"153","author":"Spriggs","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-023-00336-7","article-title":"Updates and recent advances on venom immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Floyd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.08.007","article-title":"Imported fire ant rush desensitization using omalizumab and a premedication regimen","volume":"113","author":"Tille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5414\/ALX02196E","article-title":"Omalizumab ensures compatibility to bee venom immunotherapy (VIT) after VIT-induced anaphylaxis in a patient with systemic mastocytosis","volume":"5","author":"Gulsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergol Select"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13592","article-title":"Omalizumab in the treatment of adult patients with mastocytosis: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Jendoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.022","article-title":"One-day ultrarush desensitization for Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis in patients with and without mast cell disorders with adjuvant omalizumab","volume":"8","author":"Giannetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.014","article-title":"Successful use of omalizumab for prevention of fire ant anaphylaxis","volume":"126","author":"Tartibi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9553-5","article-title":"Development of a lateral flow immunoassay for rapid field detection of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"408","author":"Valles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/aen.12297","article-title":"Evaluation of a lateral flow immunoassay for field identification of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Australia","volume":"58","author":"Valles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Austral Entomol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219824007451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219824007451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T10:37:44Z","timestamp":1750156664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219824007451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":184,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219824007451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stinging Ant Anaphylaxis: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}