{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1793952954935,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002567","name":"American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021041","name":"American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T03:03:38Z","timestamp":1745982218000},"page":"1824-1835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Patient-Facing Digital Inhalers for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Ologundudu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Oppenheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaharu","family":"Sumino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Hoyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Rivera-Spoljaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara T.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmilee M.","family":"Nyenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Chipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay E.","family":"Shade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie G.","family":"Press","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Guyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"O\u2019Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilarry","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dia","family":"Sue-Wah-Sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Melendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Winders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Przywara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Rank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard B.","family":"Bacharier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Mosnaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8269-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00075614","article-title":"Medication adherence and the risk of severe asthma exacerbations: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Engelkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2019.1645169","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of adherence to controller therapy in adult patients with severe\/difficult-to-treat asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/02770900903580843","article-title":"Metered-dose inhaler technique: the effect of two educational interventions delivered in community pharmacy over time","volume":"47","author":"Bosnic-Anticevich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3195","article-title":"Critical errors in inhaler technique among children hospitalized with asthma","volume":"14","author":"Samady","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-8","article-title":"Improper inhaler technique is associated with poor asthma control and frequent emergency department visits","volume":"9","author":"Al-Jahdali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000001056","article-title":"Digital inhalers for asthma management","volume":"30","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.026","article-title":"Digital inhalers and remote patient monitoring for asthma","volume":"10","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-021-00167-4","article-title":"Digital inhalers for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a scientific perspective","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1267","article-title":"The digital asthma patient: the history and future of inhaler based health monitoring devices","volume":"29","author":"Kikidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030414","article-title":"Clinical impact of electronic monitoring devices of inhalers in adults with asthma or COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Garin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104037","article-title":"Electronic adherence monitoring devices for children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074127","article-title":"Effect of monitoring adherence to regular inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) alone or in combination with a long-acting \u03b22-agonist (LABA) using electronic methods on asthma outcomes: a narrative systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Almutairi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib15","article-title":"Interventions to improve adherence to inhaled steroids for asthma","volume":"4","author":"Normansell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.09.035","article-title":"Translating evidence to optimize patient care using GRADE","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib18","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.05.026","article-title":"Leukotriene receptor antagonists as add-on therapy to antihistamines for urticaria: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"154","author":"Rayner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.030","article-title":"Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"152","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.04.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of systemic corticosteroids for urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.029","article-title":"Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"152","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.06.003","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids for hives and itch (urticaria): systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"133","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7872","article-title":"Triple vs dual inhaler therapy and asthma outcomes in moderate to severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"325","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.22700","article-title":"Inhaled reliever therapies for asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"333","author":"Rayner","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.017","article-title":"Trustworthy patient-centered guidelines: insights from atopic dermatitis and a proposal for the future","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.11.009","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology\/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE\u2013 and Institute of Medicine\u2013based recommendations","volume":"132","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","article-title":"An Official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society Statement: Asthma Control and Exacerbations","volume":"180","author":"Reddel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.04.015","article-title":"Specific instructions for estimating unclearly reported blinding status in randomized trials were reliable and valid","volume":"65","author":"Akl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006","article-title":"Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results","volume":"59","author":"Furukawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1429","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample standard deviation from the five-number summary","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.008","article-title":"Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control","volume":"113","author":"Nathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1265","article-title":"Validation of a Standardized Version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire","volume":"115","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E901","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200077","article-title":"Development of the Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses","volume":"192","author":"Schandelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.10.053","article-title":"Characterization of severe asthma worldwide","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.02.023","article-title":"Does inhaler technology improve adherence and asthma control? A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Adejumo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib41","author":"Eikholt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib42","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.05.041","article-title":"Inhaler reminders improve adherence with controller treatment in primary care patients with asthma","volume":"134","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1330","article-title":"Sensor-based electronic monitoring for asthma: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"147","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.08.023","article-title":"Effectiveness of a digital inhaler system for patients with asthma: a 12-week, open-label, randomized study (CONNECT1)","volume":"10","author":"Hoyte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.11.022","article-title":"Effectiveness of population health management using the Propeller Health Asthma Platform: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Merchant","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03103-2020","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of the effect of a connected inhaler system on medication adherence in uncontrolled asthmatic patients","volume":"57","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.11.037","article-title":"Effectiveness of a maintenance and reliever digihaler system in asthma: 24-week randomized study (CONNECT2)","volume":"12","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.10.064","article-title":"the impact of patient self-monitoring via electronic medication monitor and mobile app plus remote clinician feedback on adherence to inhaled corticosteroids: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib50","series-title":"The BreathSmart Device Attaches to the Inhaler to Measure Adherence","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.03.013","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of a digital inhaler on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in adult asthma patients in primary care: the cluster randomised controlled ACCEPTANCE trial","author":"van de Hei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.928282","article-title":"NEXThaler, an innovative dry powder inhaler delivering an extrafine fixed combination of beclometasone and formoterol to treat large and small airways in asthma","volume":"11","author":"Corradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a08.x","article-title":"Development and validation of the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire","volume":"14","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081903","article-title":"Core GRADE 1: overview of the Core GRADE approach","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib35","article-title":"Core GRADE 3: rating certainty of evidence-assessing inconsistency","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.10.003","article-title":"2020 Focused Updates to the Asthma Management Guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group","volume":"146","author":"Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.21974","article-title":"Managing asthma in adolescents and adults","volume":"324","author":"Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-018-0209-0","article-title":"Impact of a digital health intervention on asthma resource utilization","volume":"11","author":"Merchant","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.08.002","article-title":"Effect of a mobile health, sensor-driven asthma management platform on asthma control","volume":"119","author":"Barrett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib58","article-title":"Digital interventions to improve adherence to maintenance medication in asthma","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.06.051","article-title":"Long-term cost-effectiveness of digital inhaler adherence technologies in difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"11","author":"van de Hei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210271-","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0271-2021","article-title":"Assessing adherence to inhaled therapies in asthma and the emergence of electronic monitoring devices","volume":"31","author":"Dhruve","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219825004088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219825004088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:17:07Z","timestamp":1762607827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219825004088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219825004088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Patient-Facing Digital Inhalers for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}