{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:18:49Z","timestamp":1793175529699,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017684","name":"Japan Dairy Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T15:17:01Z","timestamp":1769959021000},"page":"819-829.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Randomized Trial of Milk Oral Immunotherapy: Fixed Low-Dose vs Escalation to Medium-Dose"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Nagakura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyohei","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Fusayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotake","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakura","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Ebisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Yanagida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051051","article-title":"Epidemiology of cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"11","author":"Flom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12630","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of challenge-proven cow\u2019s milk allergy in European children--EuroPrevall birth cohort","volume":"70","author":"Schoemaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13977","article-title":"Frequency of fatal and recurrent anaphylaxis due to COW\u2019S milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"34","author":"P\u00e9rez-Codesido","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.02.001","article-title":"Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2017","volume":"66","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13095","article-title":"Accidental ingestion of food allergens: a nationwide survey of Japanese nursery schools","volume":"30","author":"Yanagida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.08.006","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of accidental ingestions among pediatric food allergy patients","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1159\/000486311","article-title":"Predictors of persistent milk allergy in children: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"175","author":"Koike","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14064","article-title":"Natural history of cow\u2019s milk allergy in children aged 6-12 years","volume":"34","author":"Kubota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.10.026","article-title":"Long-term outcome of IgE-mediated cow\u2019s milk allergy and risk factors for persistence","volume":"13","author":"Nachshon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15211","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy and\/or biologicals for IgE-mediated food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"de Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000365","article-title":"Novel immunotherapy and treatment modality for severe food allergies","volume":"17","author":"Nagakura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13307","article-title":"Novel insights regarding anaphylaxis in children\u2014with a focus on prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Nagakura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13319","article-title":"EAACI Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: IgE-mediated food allergy","volume":"73","author":"Pajno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.02.007","article-title":"Adverse events in oral immunotherapy for the desensitization of cow\u2019s milk allergy in children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"De Schryver","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2018.8.e28","article-title":"Cow\u2019s milk oral immunotherapy in real life: 8-year long-term follow-up study","volume":"8","author":"Mota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12794","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory 2-year outcome of oral immunotherapy in patients with cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"71","author":"Elizur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13025","article-title":"Outcome of oral immunotherapy for persistent cow\u2019s milk allergy from 11 years of experience in Finland","volume":"30","author":"Kauppila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.006","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of oral immunotherapy for cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"132","author":"Keet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1159\/000508627","article-title":"Single-center noninferiority randomized trial on the efficacy and safety of low- and high-dose rush oral milk immunotherapy for severe milk allergy","volume":"181","author":"Takaoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100463","article-title":"Evaluation of oral immunotherapy efficacy and safety by maintenance dose dependency: a multicenter randomized study","volume":"13","author":"Ogura","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13220","article-title":"Low-dose-oral immunotherapy for children with wheat-induced anaphylaxis","volume":"31","author":"Nagakura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12898","article-title":"Low-dose oral immunotherapy for children with anaphylactic peanut allergy in Japan","volume":"29","author":"Nagakura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000442157","article-title":"A single-center, case-control study of low-dose-induction oral immunotherapy with cow\u2019s milk","volume":"168","author":"Yanagida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13352","article-title":"A randomized trial of oral immunotherapy for pediatric cow\u2019s milk-induced anaphylaxis: heated vs unheated milk","volume":"32","author":"Nagakura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70033","article-title":"Long-term comparison of high- and low-dose oral immunotherapy in children with anaphylactic cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"36","author":"Ito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13442","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of fixed low-dose oral immunotherapy for children with severe cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"32","author":"Miura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15861","article-title":"Antigenicity of proteins in cooked egg powder and skim milk powder for children with egg and milk allergies","volume":"67","author":"Naito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.10.010","article-title":"New approach for food allergy management using low-dose oral food challenges and low-dose oral immunotherapies","volume":"65","author":"Yanagida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.004","article-title":"Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2020","volume":"69","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100472","article-title":"World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidance 2020","volume":"13","author":"Cardona","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.027","article-title":"Early oral immunotherapy in peanut-allergic preschool children is safe and highly effective","volume":"139","author":"Vickery","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.032","article-title":"Desensitization and remission after peanut sublingual immunotherapy in 1- to 4-year-old peanut-allergic children: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"153","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.12.013","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of fixed low-dose oral immunotherapy for children with wheat-induced anaphylaxis","volume":"10","author":"Nagakura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.023","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baked milk oral immunotherapy in children with severe milk allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"149","author":"Dantzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.040","article-title":"Efficacy of baked milk oral immunotherapy in baked milk-reactive allergic patients","volume":"136","author":"Goldberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70027","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of low-dose followed by conventional oral immunotherapy for egg allergy","volume":"36","author":"Takahashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12914","article-title":"Long-term outcome of peanut oral immunotherapy\u2014real-life experience","volume":"29","author":"Nachshon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000442467","article-title":"Dose-dependent immunological responses after a 6-month course of sublingual house dust mite immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis","volume":"168","author":"Didier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.06.029","article-title":"Six-year follow-up of low-dose oral immunotherapy for children with wheat-induced anaphylaxis","volume":"12","author":"Koosakulchai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16428","article-title":"Comparison of double-blind and open food challenges for the diagnosis of food allergy in childhood: the ALDORADO study","volume":"80","author":"de Weger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.004","article-title":"Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2020","volume":"69","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Int"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826000619?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826000619?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:54:56Z","timestamp":1777625696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219826000619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219826000619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Randomized Trial of Milk Oral Immunotherapy: Fixed Low-Dose vs Escalation to Medium-Dose","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}