{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:07:51Z","timestamp":1775556471339,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:14:07Z","timestamp":1770077647000},"page":"920-936.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Warning Signs in Detecting Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children: A Diagnostic Accuracy Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amina","family":"Aden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Jemide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanzil","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Iakovleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Andreeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Buonsenso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liat Ashkenazi","family":"Hoffnung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Comberiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Giovannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Asmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Gadetskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Upton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann-Marie M.","family":"Schoos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Korsunskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Korsunskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9652-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Munblit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250003","article-title":"Human inborn errors of immunity: 2024 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee","volume":"1","author":"Poli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hum Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.044","article-title":"Establishing diagnostic criteria for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), leaky SCID, and Omenn syndrome: the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium experience","volume":"133","author":"Shearer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.04.018","article-title":"Inborn errors of immunity and autoimmune disease","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01439","article-title":"Changing the lives of people with primary immunodeficiencies (PI) with early testing and diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Condino-Neto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.02.013","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in children and adults with primary immunodeficiencies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Peshko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.049","article-title":"Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency","volume":"136","author":"Bonilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.12.001","article-title":"How effective are the 6 European Society of Immunodeficiency warning signs for primary immunodeficiency disease?","volume":"116","author":"Arslan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06206.x","article-title":"Ten warning signs of primary immunodeficiency: a new paradigm is needed for the 21st century","volume":"1238","author":"Arkwright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01788-2","article-title":"Meta-DiSc 2.0: a web application for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy data","volume":"22","author":"Plana","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib14","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy","author":"Deeks","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-70","article-title":"Investigation of publication bias in meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy: a meta-epidemiological study","volume":"14","author":"van Enst","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.5152\/tpa.2014.1810","article-title":"Profile of the patients who present to immunology outpatient clinics because of frequent infections","volume":"49","author":"Aldirmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri Ars"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103401","article-title":"Extended list of warning signs in qualification to diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of immunity in children and young adults","volume":"12","author":"Dabrowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199109000-00010","article-title":"Assessment of a clinical scoring system for detection of immunodeficiency in children with recurrent infections","volume":"10","author":"Lyall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01167.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients evaluated for primary immunodeficiency","volume":"22","author":"MacGinnitie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2013.5.2.88","article-title":"Clinical predictors of primary immunodeficiency diseases in children","volume":"5","author":"Reda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/1012-5574.133179","article-title":"Could recurrent otitis media predict primary antibody deficiencies in Egyptian children?","volume":"30","author":"Reda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egypt J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3680","article-title":"Clinical features that identify children with primary immunodeficiency diseases","volume":"127","author":"Subbarayan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib23","first-page":"337","article-title":"Evaluation of warning signs of primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"94","author":"Boyarchuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Polska"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.900055","article-title":"Evaluation of the 10 warning signs in primary and secondary immunodeficient patients","volume":"13","author":"Eldeniz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v19i1.18","article-title":"Targeted screening for primary immunodeficiency disorders in the neonatal period and early infancy","volume":"19","author":"Galal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-015-0149-1","article-title":"The Duesseldorf warning signs for primary immunodeficiency: is it time to change the rules?","volume":"35","author":"Lankisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2020.03.005","article-title":"Evaluation of the frequency and diagnostic delay of primary immunodeficiency disorders among suspected patients based on the 10 warning sign criteria: a cross-sectional study in Iran","volume":"48","author":"Bahrami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9954-6","article-title":"Attending to warning signs of primary immunodeficiency diseases across the range of clinical practice","volume":"34","author":"Costa-Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01825-3","article-title":"Development of an expert-based scoring system for early identification of patients with inborn errors of immunity in primary care settings\u2014the PIDCAP Project","volume":"45","author":"Riviere","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib30","article-title":"Inborn errors of immunity: manifestation, treatment, and outcome\u2014an ESID registry 1994-2024 report on 30,628 patients","author":"Kindle","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.831279","article-title":"Inborn errors of immunity associated with type 2 inflammation in the USIDNET Registry","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100299","article-title":"Autoimmune manifestations in children with inborn errors of immunity in Morocco: a study from the national registry","volume":"11","author":"Elamine","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.04.015","article-title":"Initial presenting manifestations in 16,486 patients with inborn errors of immunity include infections and noninfectious manifestations","volume":"148","author":"Thalhammer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns7030054","article-title":"Implementation of SCID screening in Denmark","volume":"7","author":"Baekvad-Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1279112","article-title":"Current genetic diagnostics in inborn errors of immunity","volume":"12","author":"von Hardenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.53514","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of whole-genome vs whole-exome sequencing among children with suspected genetic disorders","volume":"7","author":"Nurchis","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00731-6","article-title":"Measuring the effect of newborn screening on survival after haematopoietic cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency: a 36-year longitudinal study from the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium","volume":"402","author":"Thakar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026_bib38","article-title":"HLH as an additional warning sign of inborn errors of immunity beyond familial-HLH in children: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Ricci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826000620?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826000620?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:37:27Z","timestamp":1775554647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219826000620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219826000620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Warning Signs in Detecting Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children: A Diagnostic Accuracy Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.01.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}